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^UNITED STATES OF AMERICANS 



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SKETCH 



OF THE 



RISE AND PROGRESS 



OF THE 



CHURCH OF ENGLAND 



IN THE 



BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. 



BY THOS. BEAMISH AKINS, ESQ. 



HALIFAX, IT. 



PRINTED BY W. CUNNABELL, NO. 3 CONNORS* WHARF; AN© 

SOLD BY WILLIAM GOSSIP, AT HIS BOOK STORE, 

GRANVILLE STREET. 



1849. 



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ii 



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34473 



LC Control Number 




tmp96 031686 



A hope that this little work may be found useful to the Clergy 
and others, immediately interested in the cause of Missions, has 
induced the compiler to send it to the press. He claims no 
merit for originality, and feels that more justice might have 
been done to the subject, had it been undertaken by some one 
who could give greater interest to the narrative. Eis desire has 
been simply to collect from the voluminous Reports of the Mis- 
sionary Societies, and other sources, the chief facts and occur- 
rences on the subject of Church Missions in these Colonies, and 
to render them accessible, in a condensed form, to those whose 
duties or tastes may lead them to such inquiries, and who may 
not have opportunity of referring to the works of Hawkins and 
Anderson, on the subject now in progrnss of publication. 

The difficulty of procuring accurate information, and the con- 
stant changes going on, will account for any defects that may be 
found to exist in the tabular returns, and the names and stations 
of the Clergy. 

The Author has to acknowledge the kindness of the Bishop of 
Nova Scotia, who afforded him access to a complete set of the early 
Reports of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in For- 
eign Parts, and other books and documents in his Lordship's 
possesssion. 



Any profits that may arise from the sile of this vrork after payment of 
expenses will be appropriated in aid of the funds of the Diocesan Society ol 
Mova Scotia. 




CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER I. 

Society for the Propagation of the G ospel in Foreign Parts, 
page 7. — Newfoundland— Rev. Mr. Jackson, first missionary 8. — 
Rev. Jacob Rice, Rev. R. Killpatrick, 9.— Rev. H. Jones, Rev. Mr 
Lindsay, Rev. Mr. Peaseley, Rev. Edw. Langman, 10.— Rev. L. 
Coughlan— Rev. J. Balfour, 11, — Donation tf King William IVth. 
to Church at Placentia Bay, 11. — Nova Scotia — Settlement of 
Halifax, 12 — Letter from Lords of Trade to the Society for 
the Propagation of the Gospel iu Foreign parts,-— Grants of 
Land to Clergymen and Schoolmasters, 13.— Rev. Mr. Tutty 
first Missionary, 14.— St. Paul's Church at Halifax built,— 
Lutheran Germans conform to the Church, 14. — Rev. Thomas 
Wood — Rev. John Breynton, 15. — Rev. J. B. Morean— Rev. Mr. 
Burger, 17. — Removal of the Germans to Lunenburg — French and 
German Missions, 18. — Rev. P. Bryzelius, 18— Rev, Mr. Vincent, 
19.— Rev. P. Delaroche, 20.— Death of Abbe Maillard, 22.— Mr. 
Wood visits the Indians on the River Saint John, 21.— His In' 
dian Grammar and translation of the Gospels, 21. — Officiates at 
Halifax in the Indian language, 22. — Rev. Joseph Bennett, 24. — 
First Church at Annapolis — Windsor, 25. — Rev, J. Eagleson — Rev. 
W. Ellis, 25.— Corresponding Committee at Halifax, of Society 
for Propogating the Gospel,27. — Names and stations of the Clergy 
in 1783, 28.— Acts of Assembly in Nova Scotia— Church of Eng- 
land declared the fixed form of worship in Nova Scotia — free tol- 
eration to all denominations of Christians, 30. — Church and School 

Lands, 31. — Canada,— Quebec Act, 32.— Upper Canada, 33. 

New Brunswick,— Prince Edward Island, 33. — Advowsons, 34.— 
Colonial Bishops, 35. 

CHAPTER II. 

DIOCESE OF NOVA SCOTIA. 

American Episcopacy, 36.— Bishoprick of Nova Scotia, 37 — 
Dr. Inglis, 37.— State of the Diocese, 38,— Loyalist Emigration 
39.— Settlers at the River St. John,— Rev. Mr Sayer,— Rev Mr 1 
Beardsley,— Dr. Byles, 39.— Rev. Mr. Cook, 40.— Grant from' Par- 
liament tor building Churches in N Brunswick, 41.— Nova Scotia 
Rev. Mr. Houseal,— Rev. Mr Shreve,— Rev. Mr Money, 41 — New 
Brunswick,— Rev. Mr Dibblee,— Rev. Mr Arnold,— Rev. Mr Pid- 



VI CONTENTS. 

geon, 41. — Proposition for the Establishment of a GrammarSchooT 
at Halifax, 41. — Corresponding Comm. of Society, P. G.,41. — 
Windsor College, 42. — Academy opened at Windsor, 42 — Proceed- 
ings of the Nova Scotia Legislature relative to the College, 43. — 
Library, 44. — Statutes, 45. — Bishop Inglis opposes the Stat : what 
virtually excluded dissenters, — Succeeds in having it repealed, 45, 
— Proposed union between Dalhousie and Windsor Colleges, 45,. 
— Parliamentary Grant, 46. — The Associate Alumni, 47. — Names 
and stations of the Clergy in 1793, 47 — The Bishop's Visitations. 
48.— Newfoundland, 49.— State of the Church, 50.-~Nam.es and 
stations of the Clergy in 1815, 51.--- -Society P. G., 51.~- Death ot 
Bishop Inglis — Dr. Stansev appointed Bishop, 52 — Dr. John 
Inglis, Commissary — Visitations, — State of the Diocese, 50, — In- 
dian Schools, N. Brunswick, 53. — Dr. John Inglis appointed Bish- 
op, 54. — The Diocese divided into Archdeaconries — the Bishop 
visits Bermuda, 55. — Newfoundland, 55. — State of the Diocese, 
56. — Eastern part of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, P E, Island, 57, 
— Names and stations of the Clergy in 1S29. 48. — Reduction of the 
Parliamentary Grant — Arrangements between the Society P. G. 
and Government, 60. — The endowments of the Church assailed, 
61. — State ot the Diocese, 62. — New Brunswick, 63. — Bishop's 
visitations, 1S42, Eastern shore of Nova Scotia, 64. — Society for 
Promoting Christian Knowledge, 64 — Diocesan Society, 66. — Co- 
lonial Church Society. 67.— Visitations of 1846 and 1547,68. — 
Table of the Diocese, 69, 

CHAPTER III. 

DIOCESE OF QUEBEC. 

The See of Quebec E-itablished, Dr. Mountain first Bishop, 
page 72. — Early History of the Church in Canada — Dr. Ogilvie, 
73.— The Mohawk Churches— Dr. Stuart— Rev. Mr. Doty, 74 — 
State of the Diocese at the period of the Bishop's appointment, 75. 
—Settlements at Miasisquoi Bay — Rev. R. Q. Shortt— Rev. C. J. 
Stewart, 75. — Quebec Cathedral, 76. — Names and stations of the 
Clergy in 1815. 76.— The Bishop's visitations— Hon. C. J. 
Stewait, visiting Missionary, 77. — The Indian Churchee, 78. — 
State of the Diocese — Death of Bishop Mountain— Hon. C. J. 
Stewart appointed Biohnp of Quebec, 79. — Bishop Stewart's visi- 
tations, 80. — Name3 and stations of the Clergy in 1838, 81. — Up- 
per Canada Clergy Committee — the Bishop's visits to the Upper 
Province — Archdeacon Mountain appointed Bishop of Montreal, 
82. — Arrangements between the Society for the propagation of (he 
Gospel and the British Government, relative to the payment of the 
Clergy— the Clergy reserves, 83.— State of the Diocese, 85.— Death 
ot the Bishop of Quebec— Bishop of Montreal visits Hudson's Bay 
territory, 88. — Parliamentary Grants in aid of Indian Missions, 89. 
—The Bishop's visitations, 90.— Lennoxviile College, 91.— Visi- 



CONTENTS. Vll 

Nations of 1845 and '7, 92 & 93.— Quaren'ine Station, 94.— Death 
•of five Missionaries, 95 — Clergy Reserves, 96. — Church Society 
of the Diocese, 99.— Table of the Diocese 5 102. 

CHAPTER III. 

DIOCESE OF TORONTO. 

Erection of the See of Toronto — Dr. Strachan appointed Bishop, 
106. — Stale of the Diocese at the time of the Bishop's appointment, 
107.— tjis Visitations, 107.— The Mohawk Churches, 108-9.— Visi- 
tations of the year 1814, 109. — Destitute condition of the new Set- 
tlements, 110. — Progress of the Church in the Diocese, 111. — 
Upper Canada Clergy Society, 112. — Toronto Church Society, 113 . 
— Clergy Reserves, 114. — Distribution of Reserves Fund, 115. — 
State of the Diocese in 1848., 116.— Cobourg College, 117.— Table 
of the Diocese, 118. — North West America, 123. — Church Mis- 
sionary Society, 124. — Names and stations of the Missionaries ia 
she Hudson's Bay Territory, 126. 

CHAPTER V. 

DIOCESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Archdeacon Spencer appointed Bishop of Newfoundland, state 
-of the Diocese, 127— The Diocese divided into Rural Deaneries, 
the Bishop's first visitation and charge to his Clergy, 128. — Eccle- 
siastical returns, — Bishop's visit to Bermuda, 1829. Bishop Spen- 
der removed to Jamaica and Dr. Field appointed Bishop of New- 
foundland, state of the Diocese, the Bishop visits Bermuda, 130, — 
The Bishop's plan for increasing the funds of the Church Societv, 
331— Visit to Labrador, 132,— Church Society,— Church Ship,— 
.Newfoundland School Society, 133. — Table of the Diocese, 134. 

CHAPTER VI. 

DIOCESE OF FREDER1CTON. 

Fredericton erected into Bishop's See, Dr. Medley first Bishop, 
136. — The Bishop divides the Diocese into Rural Deaneries, — 
state of the Diocese, 137. — Church Society of New Brunswick, 
138 — University of King's College Fredericton, 139. — Dr. Jacobs 
letter to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
parts on the advancement of the Church in New Brunswick, I4L 
—Table of the Diocese, 144. 

APPENDIX. 
Table showing the number of the Missionaries and Catechists of 
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, from 1703 to 1847, 
148.— Bishops of the Church of Eng. in the Colonies, 148.— Bish- 
ops of the Church in the U. States, 149,— Proceeds of the Clergy 
Eeserves fund in Canada W., 150.— Reserves fund in Canada, E. 5 
151.— Windsor College Funds, 151. 



A a&Biroat 



Mint antf tyw&vtun of tfje <£$urch of SSnfllanB 

IN THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES. 



CHAPTER L 

The missions of the Church of England in the present 
British North American Provinces were set on foot and 
supported principally by the agency of the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. 

This Society, originating in the pious efforts of Dr. 
Bray, was incorporated by Royal Charter from William 
III., in 1?01, with the avowed object of providing for the 
maintenance of ministers of the Church in the different 
Ci Colonies, Plantations and Factories" of Great Britain, 
by means of gifts and contributions to be obtained in Eng= 
land. 



The following particulars, gathered from the pub- 
lished proceedings * of ibis Society, will suffice us 
in tracing the progress of Church missions in these 
Provinces from their commencement in the 18th century 
to the establishment of the first Colonial Bishoprick. 

The spiritual destitution of the settlers in Newfoundland 
was among the earliest objects of the Society's solicitude* 
We find the following remarks in their first report, pub- 
lished in 1704. 

" Newfoundland has several settlements of English , with 
many occasional inhabitants as workers, mariners, &.C., at 
the fishing seasons, to the amount of several thousands j 
but no public exercise of religion except at St. John's, 
where there is a congregation, but unable to sustain a 
minister." 

In May, 1703, the Rev. Mr. Jackson, then residing at 
St. John's, who had been previously depending for his main- 
tenance on private subscriptions, was adopted as a mis- 
sionary of the society, and a salary of £50 per annum 
assigned him for a period of three years. 

In 1705 a memorial was preserved to the society by 
several merchants trading to Newfoundland, praying that 
two missionaries might be sent to St. John's, ami engaging 
that the people of the country should contribute to their 
support. The Rev. Jacob Rice was sent out about this 
time, by the Bishop of London, whether in accordance 
with this request or nor, is uncertain. 

Ajjain, in 1729, ive find the inhabitants of Trinity Bay, 
in Newfoundland, petitioning for a missionary to be sent 
among them, and at the same time offering to contribute 
Towards his support, and to build a church. The society 
sent them the Rev. Robert Killpatriek, with a salary of 
£30 per annum. After remaining there for a short time, 
he removed to New York. About the year 1736 he re- 
turned to Trinity Bay, where he was welcomed by a nume^ 

* Hawkins' Missions cf the Church— Reports S. i'. G. 



9 

rous congregation, and remained among them till his death 
in 1741. He represented the average number of hiscongre- 
gation at 250 in summer, and that at Old Perlican at 200. 

The Rev. Heury Jones was settled at Bonavista in 1725, 
and received a gratuity of £30 from the society that year, 
which was afterwards continued to him. In 1734 he re- 
presented his congregation to be in a flourishing condition, 
and the number of his communicants increasing. — 
Within the period of eight years, he baptised 114 persons, 
five of whom were grown-up persons. Mr. Jones was 
engaged for twenty-five years in missionary labours at 
Newfoundland. He established a school at Bonavista iu 
1726, and in 1730 he had nearly completed the erection of 
a church. After tbe death of Mr. Killpatrick, he officiated 
at Trinity Bay until the appointment of the Rev. Mr. 
Lindsay to tbat mbsion in 1749. The Rev. Mr. Peaseley, 
of Trinity College, Dublin, was appointed resident mis- 
sionary at St. John's, about tbe year 1745. Mr. P. offici- 
ated to a crowded congregation at St. John's, and occasion- 
ally visited the out-harbours. He was removed to South 
Carolina in 1750. 

The Rev. Edward Lingmm, of Balio! College, Oxford, 
was appointed to succeed Mr. Peaseley as missionary to St. 
John's and the out-harbours, at the request of the inhabi- 
tants, among whom he had been residing for some time 
previous * On taking possession of his cure in 1752, Mr. 
Langman found the number of communicants to Ue thirty. 
Of the two hundred families which composed the popula- 
tion of St. John, at this time, forty were of the communion 
of the Church of England, fifty-two Roman Catholics, 
and eight Dissenters. f In 1759, he vi&ited Placentia Bay 
and baptised fifty persons, nearly all adults. In tbe sum- 
mer of 1760, he again visited the out-harbours, and by hii 
report it appeared that tbere were, in Reneuse, twenty-five 

* Report & P. G. 1745. {Report S. P. G, 



10 

families, of whom nine were Protestants, and the lris& 
Romanist population 140 souls, hi Fermeuse, nearly the 
whole population amounting tolOO, were RomanCatholics. 
Ferryland, 64 Protestants and 86 Roman Catholics. Dur- 
ing this visit he baptised SS children. In 1761 he found at 
Bay of Bulls 45 families, of which 37 were PtomanCatholics. 
About 1762, a church was erected at St. John's, under the 
direction of Mr. Langman, which was, however, not oom- 
pleted until 1773. This indefatigable missionary continued 
to discharge these laborions duties until his death, which 
took place in 1783. His allowance from the society was 
but £50 per annum ; and be represented the little gratui- 
ties he received from his flock as very inconsiderable, and 
chat " he had to go and beg from them as a poor man 
would for an alms." He Appears to have lived on terms of 
Christian fellowship with bis neighbours of other denomi- 
nations : several families of Dissenters attending on his 
Ministry, and receiving the holy communion from his 
hand.* He was succeeded at St. John's by Rev. W. Price. 

In 1768, the Rev. Laurence Cougblan, who for three 
years previously had been residing among the inhabitants 
of Harbour Grace and Carbonear, was appointed a mis- 
sionary of the Society, and preached in Irish, — his congre- 
gation frequently included many Irish Roman Catholics. 
The natives attended his preaching very constantly. He 
administered the sacrament once a month to from 150 to 200 
communicants. 

The Rev. James Balfour was appointed missionary at 
Trinity Bay with the out-harbors of Old and New Periican 
and Bonavista in 1765. " In acknowledgment of his ser- 
vices, his parishioners, soon after his arrival, built him a 
house. But after nine years spent in this mission, which 
was not less than forty leagues in circuit, he was removed 
to the more important station of Harbour Grace, vacant 

* Hawkins's Mission. 



11 

by the resignation of Mr* Coughlen in 1773."* In a letter, 
dated 1778, Mr. Balfour reported the population of Harbor 
Grace to consist of 4462 Protestants and 1306 Roman Ca- 
tholics : the number of communicants varving 150 to 200. 

He was succeeded in this mission by Rev. John Clinch. 
In 1787, a memorial from the inhabitants of Placentia 
Bay, was laid before the society, stating their willingness 
to contribute to the support of a clergyman in their settle- 
ment. His R. H. Prince William Henry, afterwards King 
William IV., then in command of a ship-of-war on the 
station, contributed handsomely towards the erection of 
the church, and presented them a set of communion plate. f 

The condition of Newfoundland at the period treated of 
in the foregoing pages presented dangers and discourage- 
ments to missionary enterprise far surpassing any diffi- 
culties experienced by the Messengers of the Cross in that 
country or any other portion of British America at the 
present day. The population of the Island was of a much 
more fluctuating character than at present : it consist- 
ed of a few thousands, principally poor fishermen, 
thinly scattered among the innumerable bays and har- 
bours of more than a thousand miles of northern sea- 
board, inaccessible, except by water, from the rough face 
of the land and the total absence of all roads, the 
missionaries were compelled to travel great distances by 
water, passing round headlands and promontories exposed 
to the swell of the wide Atlantic, in open boats and small 
fishing vessels, in order to reach the scattered stations 
under their spiritual care. In addition to the hardships 
and privations attendant on the performance of their du- 
ties, many of these men had to subsist on the scanty pit- 
tance of £30 or £40 assigned to them by the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel, then in its infancy, in addition to 

*Hawkins' Missions. 

jHis widow, the present Queen Dowager Adelaide, is said to have lately- 
contributed towards the rebuilding of this church. 

2* 



12 

the small and uncertain contributions of the people. Sucfi 
trials required no ordinary degree of physical and meota* 
energy to encounter. Supported, however, by the enduring 
faith which has characterized the true church of Christ in 
allages, we see the missionary of the Church of England, 
at this early period, going forth to his work, in the face of 
every obstacle, cheerfully encountering the most terrific 
vicissitudes of climate, struggling for years with poverty, 
and at last finding a grave among the people wbose spirit- 
ual care had been assigned him by the Great Shepherd of 
the flock. 

From the year 1713, when Nova Scotia was fiually 
ceded to the British crown to 1749, there is no record of 
the establishment of any mission within that province, the 
inhabitants were all French Roman Catholics, with the 
exception of the few residents at Annapolis Royal, where 
a military chaplain was occasionally stationed. The So- 
ciety for Propagating the Gospel, however, assisted in sup- 
porting a schoolmaster at Annapolis from 1729 to 17S8, and 
another at Canso between 1736 and 1743.* In the spring 
of 1749, the Society received the following communica- 
tion on the subject of missions from the Lords of Trade 
and Plantations : — 

<c Whitehall, April 6th, 1749. 

" His Majesty having given directions that a number of 
persons should be sent to the Province of Nova Scotia, in 
North America, I am directed by my Lords Commissioners 
for Trade and Plantations, to desire you will acquaint the 
Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, that 
it is proposed to settle the said persons in six ftownsbips, 
and that a particular spot will be set apart in each of them 
for building a Church, and 400 acres of land adjacent 

* Reps. S. P. G., 1730, 1744. 

i These townships were laid out along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.- 



13 

thereto granted in perpetuity free from the payment Gf 
any Quit Rent, to a minister and his successors, and 200 
in like manner to a schoolmaster. Tiieir Lordships there- 
fore recommend to this Society to name a minister and 
schoolmaster for each of the said townships, hoping that 
they will give such encouragement to them as the 
Society shall think proper, until their land can be eo far 
cultivated as to afford a sufficient support." 

" I am further to acquaint you that each clergyman 
who shall be sent with the persons who are to form this 
first settlement, will have a grant of 200 acres of land, and 
each schoolmaster 100 acres in perpetuity to them and 
their heirs, as also 30 acres over and above their said 
respective quotas, for every person of which their farni-* 
lies shall consist; that they will likewise be subsisted 
during their passage, and for twelve months after their 
arrival, and furnished with arms, ammunition and mate- 
rials for husbandry, building their houses^ etc., in like 
manner as the other settlers* Their Lordships think 
proper that the Society should be informed that (except 
the garrison of Annapolis), all the inhabitants of the said 
Province, amounting to 20,000, are French Roman Catho- 
lics, and that there are a great number of priests resident 
among them, who act under the directions of the French 
Bishop of Quebec." 

" At the same time their Lordships would recommend it 
to the consideration of the Society, whether it may not be 
advisable to choose some amongst others of the ministers 
and schoolmasters to be sent, who by speaking the French 
language, may be particularly useful in cultivating a sense 
of the true Protestant religion among the said inhabitants, 
and educating their children in the principles thereof. 

John Pownall, 
Solicitor, &c, c Clerk of the Reports, 1 5 > 



14 

The Society resolved to act immediately on this recom- 
mendation, and undertook to send 6 clergymen and as 
many schoolmasters whenever the settlements were 
formfdj and in reply to the communication urged the im- 
portance of setting apart land for the support of a bishop 
of the Church of England.* 

The first missionaries appointed under the foregoing 
arrangements were the Rev. Wm. Tutty ,f of Emmanuel 
College, Cambridge, and the Rev. Mr. Anwell, who went 
out with the first settlers to Halifax in the summer of 1749. 
Mr. Tutty was compelled to officiate in the ojen air, 
until the necessaty church accommodation could be 
obtained for the new settlement. On laying out the town, 
a lot was assigned by government for the site of a church, 
and the building (St. Paul's) was soon after erected at the 
public expense, and ready for the reception of the mission. 
ary who preached his first sermon there on 2d September, 
17504 

The German settlers, both Lutheran and Calvinists,were 
willing to conform to the Church of England, and attached 
themselves to her communion, so that in two years§ afte r 
the settlement (1752,) one half of the population professed 
themselves members of the church, and the actual com- 
municants were between 5 and GOO. The Rev. John 
Breynton the same year was appointed second missionary 



* Hawkins' Missions, 355. Rep. of Society Prop. Gospel. The following 
resolution appears in the Report, " To help forward as much as in them 
lay the laudable intensions o( the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plan- 
tations, they cheerfully camp to a resolution of providing clergymen 
and schoolmasters as settlements should be foimed and the occasion of the 
colony should require." 

t The name of Mr. Tutty does not appear on the list of settlers who 
came in the expedition with Governor Cornwallis, he probably accom- 
panied those who arrived in July following. The names of Mr Mcreau and 
Mr. Anwell appear on the roll of settlers, the latter missionary wa9 recalled 
by the society very shortly after his arrival. 

J Hawkins' Missions, 355. Reports S. P.G. 

§ Mr. Tutty administered the Lord's supper to the German settlers in th«rr 
own language. 



15 

to the English inhabitants of Nova Scotia. Soon after his 
appointment, he established a school in which 50 orphans, 
besides other children, were diligently instructed. 

On the death of Mr. Tutty, in the following year, the 
Rev. T. Wood, missionary from the Province of New 
Jersey, was appointed to Halifax. Mr. Wood also acted 
as a travelling missionary for several years. In 1763 he 
was removed, with the consent of the Governor and the 
churchwardens and vestry of St. Paul's,* to Annapolis,when 
the whole duties of the mission at Halifax devolved on Mr. 
Breynton. In 1755, Mr. Breyntou estimated the inhabit- 
ants of Halifax at 1300, 300 of whom professed themselves 
members of the Church of England, and in 1763 the 
number of church people in the town at 950, and Protest- 
ant Dissenters at 350, the total number of inhabitants in 
and about Halifax being but 1300. The number of Eng- 
lish communicants was 95, — German and French, 60 
Again in February, 1769, his Notitia Parochialis stood 
thus— 
Inhabitants in and about Halifax, including the army, 

Acadians and fishermen, by a late public survey, WOO 
Roman Catholics, being Acadians, 200 

Protestant Dissenters, many of whom occasionally 

attend the church and use its ordinances, 55 

4450 
So that there were 4450 who apparently conformed to the 
Church of England. The number of births was 200j 
burials, 190 ; constant communicants, including the Ger- 
mans and French, 165. t 



* Council Books of Nova Scotia. 

t Minutes of Corresponding Committee S.P.Q. in possession of the Bishop 
of Nova Scotia. 



16 

After the removal of the French priests, Mr. Breynton 
appears to have exerted himself in behalf of the Indians, 
who had by them been brought to profess themselves of 
the Church of Rome, and urged the society to provide 
tbem with religious instruction, by settling a missionary 
among them.* He was in the habit of officiating to the 
Germans in their own language, and in 1776 mentions in 
his correspondence with the society, his having adminis- 
tered the Lord's-supper to 500 men of Baron de Seiltz's 
Hessian Regiment, u whose exemplary and regular beha- 
viour" he says " did them great honour." 

The corresponding committee of the society at Halifax, 
consisting of the Governor, the Chief Justice, and the 
Secretary of the Province, at a meeting held on the 7th 
Feb'y., 1770,t signified to Mr. Breynton "their entire ap- 
probation of his constant vigilance and prudent care in 
promoting the designs of the venerable society in this Pro- 
vince," and expressed their sense of " the progress and 
happy effects of bis labours in bis parish church at Halifax* 
as well for his parochial care in visiting his parishioners, 
as from his respected life and doctrines," and concluded by 
soliciting the society to obtain for Mr. Breynton the honor- 
ary degree of D. D., as from his standing in the university 
of Cambridge, he was entitled to that dignity. 

The following extract of a document apparently written 
by a Dissenter who had been reconciled to the Church, 
through the Doctor's instrumentality, is given by Mr. 
Hawkinst froni the records of the society, as a tribute to 
the memory of this excellent missionary. 

" As a person, who, during a residence of upwards *f 



*lt does not appear from Mr. Hawkins' Notice of the Early Missions, or 
the Reports of 'he S. P. G., that any missionary was provided for this par* 
ticuiar duty in Nova Scotia. 

fM. S, Proceedings of Corresponding Committee. 

{ IJawkin'a Missions 372. 



17 

twenty ye irs in this Province, bas deservedly gained the 
good will and esteem of men of all ranks and persua- 
sions. He preaches the gospel of peace and purity with 
an eloquence of language and delivery far beyond any„ 
thitiir I ever heard in America." 

The Rev. John Baptiste Moreau, formerly a Roman Ca- 
tholic priest, and prior of the Abbey of St. Matthew, at Bresr, 
who had been received into the communion of the church 
of England, was appointed minister to his own country- 
men, and officiated for the first time 9th Sept. 1750, in the 
French tongue. Mr. Burger, a Swiss minister, who had 
taken great pains to commend the church liturgy to his 
people, whs about the same time ordained missionary to 
the Germans. In 1752, five hundred Protestants of the 
Confession of Augsburg, recently arrived at Halifax from 
Mout-belliard, joined themselves to the Church of Eng- 
land, and desired to partake of the sacrament of the Lord's 
Supper. They were placed under the charge of Mr. Mo- 
reau, who reported his congregation that year to consist of 
800 grown-up persons and 200 children. A supply of 
common-prayer books, in the French language, was this 
)ear sent to Mr. Moreau from the Society for Propagating 
the Gospel, and a number of French and English bibles, 
from the Lords of Trade and Plantations, for distribution 
among his flock.* 

After the removal of the Germans from Halifax to Lun- 
enburg, in 1753, there were " but 15 families left in the 
north suburbs. This small congregation not knowing 
any English, and wishing to have a place of worship, 
built themselves a small house upon the German burial- 
ground in Brunswick-street, in whichj they had prayers 
regularly every Sunday." In the year 1760, a steeple 
was built on this house, and the next year the Rev. Dr. 

* 500 English bibles were at the same lime sent to Mr. Tuny, by the So- 
ciety lor Promoting Christian Knowledge. 



18 

Breynton preached there for the first time; and it was on 
that occasion dedicated by the name of St. George's Church 
t« The congregation followed the English Church's rules of 
doctrine, and appointed their elders and vestry. ,J * 

Mr. Moreau accompanied his flock to Maligash, in 
June, 1753, and held his service every Sunday on the 
Grand Parade at Lunenburg, until a place of worship 
could be erected. At this time there were more than 200 
German and French regular communicants. In a letter 
addressed by Mr. Moreau to the corresponding committee 
of the society at Halifax, in 1729— he says " after the 
great mortality which befel the people under my mission, 
from the years of 1752 to 1755, in which three-fourths 
died, the remainder, a small number, consisting of 
fifty-six families of Lutherans, Calvinists, Presbyterians, 
and Anabaptists, have under my labors and the blessing of 
God, became worthy members of the church." The num- 
ber of bis communicants was between 54 and 60. Mr. 
Bryzelius was, at the lime, in charge of the German con- 
gregation at Lunenburg, " Mr. Moreau continued his 
useful labor?, ministering in three languages to bis congre- 
gation, — and extending his care to the Indians, several of 
whose children he baptised— till the year 1770, when he 

died."f 

The Ilev. Paulus Bryzelius, a Lutheran minister, was 
ordained by the Bishop of London to the charge of the 
German mission at Lunenburg, in 1767. Chief Justice 
Belcher and Gov'r. Franklin, in their letters to the society, 
speak in high terms of this missionary, and the C. Justice 
mentions his success among the young as surpassing their 
warmest hopes :{;. At Ea9ter, 1768, he brought 4Q young 
persons, for the first time, to the holy communion. Every 
Sunday he performed service in English at 10— in French, 

* Records of the Parish of St. George, Halifax. 
t Ilawkin's Mission. + Reports S. P. G. 



19 

&t 12, and in German at 2. At his request, a supply of 
■prayer-books, in the German language, was sent out by the 
society for the use of bis congregation. In a letter to the 
corresponding committee at Halifax, dated Sept. 1769,* he 
mentioned his translation of Lewis's Catechism, and re- 
turned the number of children, under 12 years of age, 
within his mission, at 684, — of whom he himself had bap- 
tised 129, since his mission commenced. Again, at Easter, 
1770, he computed the whole number of his communicants, 
English, French, and German, at 201,-30 of whom were 
admitted for the first time, on that occasion. Mr. Bryze- 
lius died suddenly, ou Good Friday, 1773. He was struck 
with apoplexy while preaching, and expired in half an 
hour.t 

The Rev. Mr. Vincent officiated at Lunenburg as mis., 
sionary and schoolmaster, from 1762 to 1765. He was re- 
markable for indefatigable application and moderate con- 
duct in the course of bis mission. Dr. Breynton and Chief 
Justice Belcher, in their correspondence with the society, 
speak of him in the highest terms. The former, in an^ 
nouncing his death in October, 1765, says, "it would be 
injustice to him not to assure you, that while bis health 
permitted, no one showed more zeal and assiduity in hl fi 
functions, and I am of opinion that his persevering in 
his duty even beyond his strength, has shortened his days." 

The Rev. Peter DelaRoche was ordained to the cure of 
Luaenburgh in 1771. About this time, a large body of the 
Germans had separated themselves from the church, and 
built Calvinist and Lutheran meeting-houses ; and had 
applied to the Rev. Mr. Muhlinburg, President of the 
Lutheran Synod of Philadelphia, to supply them with a 

* Journal of the Corresponding Committee in Halifax, S. P. G, 
t Report S. P. G. 1774. 
"Journal of Corresponding Committee. 
3 



20 

missionary. Tbat gentleman, it appears, discouraged 
their design, and recommended them to the care of the 
church, as being better able at the time, to provide for 
their spiritual necessities. This drew forth a vote of 
thanks to Mr. Muhiinburgh from the corresponding com- 
mittee at Halifax, and a request that he would endeavour 
to obtain a deacon or schoolmaster, qualified, as expressed 
in his letter, to assist Mr. Bryzelius, in the German mis_ 
sion. In reference to these dissentions, the committee in 
March, 1770, earnestly recommended to their missionaries 
the " continuance of the utmost temper and moderation 
under the proceedings both of the Calvanists and Luther- 
ans, and tbat no declaration or measure should be at any 
time used to disturb or prevent them in the full exercise of 
their religious principles and mode of divine worship." 

In 1773, Mr. DelaRoche prevailed on the people in bis 
mission to build a school-house for the French, and to con- 
tribute to the support of the schoolmaster. Having turned 
his attention to the study of the German, he was in 1775 
enabled to officiate in three difFereat languages. At Easter 
this year, the number of bis communicants were as follows: 
Germans, 120— French. 50— English, SO.* 

He was a zealous hard-working clergyman, and his sit- 
uation was rendered trying in the extreme by the many 
vexatious jealousies that existed in the congregations 
under his care, arising from the difference of language 
and opinion. During the period of the American war, he 
was frequently reduced to great extremities by the scarcity 
of provisions, and the very small assistance he received 
from the people. While resident at Lunenburg, he pub- 
1 ished several excellent sermons, f and a commentary on the 



* Report 1774. 

t The Gospel of Christ preached to the Poor, by Peter DelaRoche, mis- 
sionary. »« Rep' nt ye therefore, and be convened, that your sins may b,e 
fcjonjjd out." 2nd edition, printed at Halifax, 1787. 



21 

four gospels. The latter appeared weekly in the 1 Halifax 
Gazette of 1777 or 8. He was removed to Guysborough in 
1787, and the Rev. Mr. Money appointed to Lunenburgb. 
The Rev. Thomas Wood was the first missionary of the 
church of England who visited the interior parts of Nova 
Scotia during the year 1762* He went twice to East and 
West Falmouth, Cornwallis, Horton> Granville, and An- 
napolis, and was cheerfully welcomed by the inhabitants- 
He mentions the same year having attended the Roman 
Catholic Vicar General of Quebec, the Abbe Maillard, 
during an illness of several weeks ; and at his request, the 
day before his death,, read to him the office of visitation 
of the sick,* in presence of many of the French ; and hav- 
ing performed on his remains the funeral service of the 
church of England in French, in presence of the principle 
inhabitants of Halifax, and a large assemblage of Indians 
and Acadian French, f 

The following year Mr. Wood visited the eastern part 
of the Province, and officiated in September at ChignectOj, 
(Cumberland.) He was shortly after removed to Annapo* 
lis. While there he applied himself to the study of the 
Micmac language, and by the assistance of some papers of 
M. Maillard, was enabled to publish an Indian grammar 
and dictionary. He sent the first volume of bis grammar, 
and a Micmac translation of the creed and Lord's prayer 
to England, in 1766 J. He occasionally ministered to the 
Indians, in their own language. 

Mr. Wood, at the request of the Governor, under the 

— ~"~ 3? 

* Hawkins's Missions 360— from Ms. letter Oct. 27, 1762. 

t Report, 1764. 

X This Manuscript was sent to the society for the purpose of being printed 
in three columns, Micmac in the middle, and English and French on each, 
side. Report, 1765. 



2£ 

direction of the corresponding committee, made a mission- 
ary tour among the settlers on the river St. John, in the 
year 1769, On his arrival at Okpaak, the most distant In- 
dian settlement, he was received by the chief, who handed 
him out of the boat, and immediately several of the 
Indians, who were drawn out on the occasion, discharged 
a volley of musketry, and invited him and Captain Spry 
to their council-chamber, as they called it, viz : the 
largest ouigoum or wigwam ; and at their desire he 
offered up some prayers in the Micmac language. * 

In July, the same yearj he again read piayers to a 
large assemblage of Indians at St. Paul's church, Halifax* 
in their own language, the Governor f and many principal 
inhabitants being present. 0« this occasion the Indians 
sung an anthem before and after service. Before the ser- 
vice begun, a chief came forward, and kneeling down pray- 
ed for the prosperity of the Province, and the blessing 
of Almighty God on the King, the Royal Family, and the 
Governor. He then r.ose upland Mr. Wood, at his desire, 
explained his prayer in English to the whole congregation. 
When service was ended, the Indians returned thanks for 
the opportunity they had of hearing prayers in their own 
language. In the following year, Mr. Wood sgain per- 
formed divine service at Halifax in the Micmac lan- 
guage, at the residence of Colonel Goreham, where a 
number of Indians had assembled. And in his letter to 
the society of 9r.h July that year, he mentions being 
engaged in translating the morning and evening-service 
into Micmac, so that one unacquainted with the lan- 
guage might read it, and that after a little practice the tone 
and emphasis peculiar to the language could be acquired. ;{; 

* Report 9. P. Q. 
tLord W. Campbell. 
I Report 1768 amj 9. 



2S 

Mr. Wood had obtained great influence over the Indians* 
which was increased by M. Maillard's behaviour to him a 
little before his death. He was in consequence frequently- 
called on both by Indians and French neutrals, to baptise 
^heir children and visit the sick. It does not appear, how- 
ever, that his zealous endeavors for the spiritual welfare 
of the Acadian Indians, were properly supported. No 
mention is to be found of the appointment of a missionary, 
after his decease, to carry forward the work so ably begun s 
and the Indians in Nova Scotia at the commencement of 
the present century, had entirely relapsed into Romanism. 
Mr. Wood remained permanently stationed at Annapolis 
and Granville till his death in 1778; He lived in peace and 
harmony with all denominations, the greatest part of the 
Dissenters in his mission attending on his ministry. In 
1771 the inhabitants of these townships invited a missionary 
residing at Dedhanij in Massachusetts, to come and settle 
among thern. In their letter they stated that the most of 
them "had been educated and brought up in the congre- 
gational way of worship, and therefore should have chosen 
to have a minister of that form of worship, but that the 
Rev. Mr. Wood by his preaching, and performing the 
other offices of his holy function, occasionally amongst us* 
in the several districts of this country, had removed our 
former prejudices that we had against the form of worship 
of the church of England, as by law established, and had 
won us to a good opinion thereof, inasmuch as he had re- 
moved all our scruples of receiving the holy sacrament or 
the Lord's supper in that form of administering it,— at 
least many of us are now communicants with him, and we 
trust and believe more will soon be added.*" This ar- 



Haw ii in a' 362 

3* 



2$ 

tfangement was not carried into effect, and Mr. Wood 5 
continued in charge of both parishes. 

The Rev. Joseph Bennett was the first missionary ap- 
pointed to the townships of Horton, Cornwallis, Falmouth 
and Newport. He went to reside at Fort Edward, now 
Windsor, in January, 1763; At that time the population 
of the four townships did not exceed 1717 souls. By letter 
dated Jan'y. 27, 1776, he acquainted the society that not- 
withstanding the arrival of a Dissenting minister at Corn- 
wallis, a spirit of benevolence and harmony was kept up 
among the people of all persuasions who assemble together 
for public worship. In December, 1769, he reported his 
mission to be in a prosperous condition ; the prejudices* 
of the Dissenters against the Church, particularly ia 
Windsor and Falmouth, were beginning g to wear off— 
that his hearers at the former station had doubled their 
number within two years, and that at the former place 
most of the inhabitants frequented church, particularly the 
young ; in the same letter, favorable mention is made 
of Mr. Halliburton, the Society's schoolmaster at Windsor, 
who had fourteen scholars under his tuition. The number 
of communicants in the mission were S3< Again in 1772, 
Mr. B. reported the number of his communicants as foL 
lows : Cornwallis, 12-— Windsor, 20— Newport, 9— Fal- 
mouth, 7. Four-fifths of the inhabitants of Falmouth 
came constantly to church. 

Mr. Bennett was appointed itinerant missionary on the 
coast of Nova Scotia in 1775 or 6, a situation established 
by the society on the death of Mr. Bryzelius, in lieu of the 
German mission. This arrangement was made at the sug- 
gestion of Dr. Breynton, there being at the time several 
thousand inhabitants settled on the Atlantic coast of the 
Feninsula, between Cape Sable and Cape Breton, and on- 



2o 

the Bay of Fundy, beyond the reach of any resident mis" 
sionary. Mr. Bennett first visited the harbours eastward 
from Halifax in 1775, and repeated his missionary cruise 
during the summer months of the following year, when he 
baptised thirty children and six adults. At Tatamagouche y 
on the Gulf shore, be administered the Lord's supper to 
28 communicants; Mr. Bennett continued his itinerant 
labours for a number of years, exposing himself frequently 
to the most distressing hardships, having.to pass through 
the woods, and ford dangerous rivers, in order to arrive at 
many of his stations; Year after year^ he penetrated the 
numerous harboursand bays of the Atlantic coast of Nova 
Scotia, and those of the Gulf Shore, and on one occasion 
had the misfortune to lose his schooner, which was wreck- 
ed, and became a total loss. In 1780, he visited again 
Tatamagouche and Pictou, and on his return lost his way, 
and was detained a whole-night in the woods. In the fol- 
lowing year, enfeebled both in mind and body from 
incessant labour and anxiety, he retired from duty, but was 
retained on the list of the society's missionaries, at a 
reduced salary. * 

A church had been commenced at Annapolis in the year 
1*775, and preparations made for building another at Gran- 
ville, under the superentendance of Mr. Wood, t In 
lT63, a subscription was opened among the people at 
Horton for purchasing a house to officiate in, and about 
1770, a small church was erected at Corn wallis by Colonel 
Burbidge and Mr. Best, at their own expense J A chapel 



* Report 1779 and 1783. 

t Hawkin's— Report S. P. G. 
, * Col. Burbidge gave £100 to the object, and bequeathed four acres of 
Dyke Land in trust for the use of the church -Report 1783. In 1802, Mr. 
Belcher bequeathed the sum of .£200 towards rebuilding the church at Corn- 
-^allis. It was completed under the direction of Col. Campbell and Jas. 
JiHHeon, Esq, This bequest is said to have been made in token of respect 



2$ 

Was built at Windsor, about the same time, by subscription 
amung the inhabitants, and used by all denominations. Mr 
Bennett preached in this building in 1771. The inhabitants 
Were principally members of the Church of England, Pres- 
byterians, and Congregationalists. At Falmouth, Mr. El- 
lis usually preached under a tree near the old fsrry, or in 
the tavern-kitchen, and at Newport in a private house. His 
congregation comprised persons of various denominations. 
He represented the people in Cornwallis to be well affected 
towards the Church, but not so in Horton. In 1776, he 
reported bis communicants within the townships included 
in his mission at 90. Three years later, the inhabitants of 
Carnwallis expressed themselves desirous of having a resi- 
dent minister of their own. The Rev. Mr. Bailey, who had 
been driven from his mission atParrsborough during the war 
was sent to reside among them, but shortly after removed to 
Annapolis. The number of church-families in the town- 
ship, at the time, was 20; At Falmouth, Newport, Wind- 
sor, divine service was performed by Mr. Ellis, who in his 
report, (1791), said "all bitterness is entirely over, and al- 
though some still profess themselves dissenters, they are 
often at church, and what is more, send their children 
regularly to catechism, which is every Sunday evening that 
I am at Windsor."* 

In 1769, Mr. Eagleson, formerly a Presbyterian minister, 
but then recently ordained by the Bishop of London as a 
Church of England missionary, was stationed at Fort 
Cumberland, and occasionally visited the neighboring set- 
tlements. In 1778, the garrison of this place was besieged 

and esteem for the character of the incumbent, the Rev. William Twining, 
whose zealous endeavours in the cause of gospel truth, had at length won 
the respect and admiration of his churchwarden, once his strenuou* 
opponent. Mem. of Rev'd. Wm. Clack. 
"'Hawkins's Missions.- 



21 

ly an American revolutionary furce, and Mr. Eaglesort> 
taken prisoner by the enemy and carried off to New Engr- 
land, where he endured six months imprisonment. Hav- 
ing effected bis escape, he returned to bis mission, where 
he continued until 1788 or 9. 

In the autumn of 1773, Mr. Eagleson, at the request of 
the inhabitants, visited the island of St. John, afterwards 
called Prince Edward's Island * r under direction from gov- 
ernment and the corresponding committee. He preached 
ax Charlotte-town three several times— visited St. Peters,* 
Stanhope, Tracadie, Malpeck, and Prince Town, reading 
prayers and preaching at these places, to the satisfaction of 
the inhabitants, who appeared happy in an opportunity o? 
hearing a Protestant minister for the first time since the 
inland had been made a separate government. 

It has already been mentioned that a c&mmittee 
existed at Halifax,, in connection with the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. It consisted of 
Lord William Campbell, the Governor,, the Hon. Jona- 
than Belcher, the- Chief Justice, and' the Hon. Richard' 
Bulkeley, the Secretary of the Province. The Board was^ 
organized in 1769?, in accordance with a letter addressed to> 
Mr. Belcher by Dr. Burton, the secretary of the society ,, 
dated in April, 1T69\ in which thethanks of the society 
were communicated to that gentleman and Mr. Bulkeley,, 
for their former exertions in behalf of the missionary 
cause ; and* they were requested to form themselves into a 
committee, and' make such regulations and- report such 
matters as they should think expedient,, and a wish was 
also expressed that the Governor should preside and assist, 
at their meetings, when his affairs would permit.. A pledge 
was at the same time given to them, by the society, that) 
"the utmost attention and every kind of respeci" woul»!4 

* Journal of CorAsponding Committee. 



28 

be paid to their decisions, and that " all private applica-r 
tions of persons in tbeir own behalf, would be suspended 
till ratified by their full consent and approbation." The 
first meeting of the board took place on the 13th June, 
l76i>, after which they usually held their meetings quarter- 
ly. The manuscript journal of the proceedings of this 
committee, during the six years of their existence, exhibits 
care and attention to the interests of the church, and a par- 
l icular desire on the part of its members for the preserva- 
tion of harmony and fellowship with the several denomin- 
ations of Christians throughout the Province. * 

An annual meeting of the clergy usually took place at 
Halifax during the week after the first Sunday after Trin- 
ity, to report on the state of tbeir missions, and a sertuon 
was preached at St. Paul's on the occasion. At their an' 
nual meeting in June, l770j the committee and clergy, with 
the dissenting ministers, and his Majesty's Council, and 
the House of Assembly, all attended at church, and heard 
an excellent sermon from Dr. Breynton, which gave 
an usual satisfaction. f 

The number of the clergy of the Church of England 
within the Acadian Provinces, between the years 1789 and' 
1 ! 793, did not exceed 12. There were none in Canada, and 
no place of worship connected with the communion of the 
church. The clergy of Btitish America were under the 
episcnpd jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, who also 
ordained for the Colonies, and still possesses this latter 
power conjointly with the Colonial Bishops. £ 



•The followin? appears among the instruction? of the society to their 
missionaries : — '' To recommend urn) promote hroiherly love and Christian* 
charity, particularly anions a 'l Protestants, where you exercise your min- 
isterial functions." 

f Report S. P. G. 1771. 

X The two Archbishops have also the same power, under the act of Par- 
liament.. 



29 

After the influx of Loyalists in 1783, the clergy through- 
out the diocese of Nova Scotia began to increase in num- 
bers, in the year 1786 their names and stations stood thus: 

Nova Scotia.— Dr. Breynton, at Halifax ; Jacob Bailey , 
Annapolis; Peter DelaRoche, Lunenburg; Wm.. Ellip, 
Windsor; Joseph Wiswell, Cornwallis, Horton, and Wil- 
mot ; J. Eagleson, Cumberland; Roger Veils, Digby ; 
George Panton, Yarmouth ; Isaac Brown, superannuated. 
J. W. Weeks in Halifax.. 

New Brunswick.— Samuel Cook, at Fredericton ; 
John Beardsley,, at Maugerville ; James Scovil, Samuel 
Andrews, Richard Clarke, and Geo. Btsset, lately arrived 
from the United States, and not yet appointed to stated 
missions. Mr. Bissett was stationed at St. John after the 
removal of Mr. Cook to Fredericton ; be was succeeded by 
by Dr. Mather Byles, of Portsmouth, who had removed 
with the loyalists to Halifax, where he was chaplain to the 
garrison for several years. 

Newfoundland. — Walter Price, aJ St. John's; 
James Balfour, at Harbor Grace and Carbonear. Trinity 
Bay, vacant. * 

Canada.— John Stewart, at Cataroquoi, and Mobawk 
Indians ; John Doty, at Sorel Quebec Montreal. 

Cape Breton. — Ranna Cossitt, at Sydney. 

The society had also four schoolmasters in Nova Scotia^ 
one in New Brunswick, one in Canada, and one in New- 
foundland. 

On the formation oC a Representative Government in 
Nova Scotia, in 1758, one of the first acts of the Assembly 
was that passed in the 83d year of the reign of bis Majesty 
King George the II., for the establishment of religiou g 
public worship within the Provirce. This act declared 
—————— _________ — . _ — . — , — ______ — — -"- -■ . .". 'i. ■ • 

*,Mr. Clinch at Trinity Bay ixt 1,788. 



30 

the " sacred rites and ceremonies of divine worship, ac- 
cording to the liturgy of the Church established by the 
laws of England, should be deemed the fixed mode of wor- 
ship in the Province, and the place where such liturgy 
should be used, should be respected and known by the 
name of the Church of England as by law established." 
Ministers of the Church were by the same act, required 
" to produce testimonials from the Bishop of London, to 
assent to the book of common prayer, and subscribe to the 
orders and constitutions of the Church, and the laws estab- 
lished in it. On compliance with these requirements, the 
Governor was directe I to induct the Minister " into any 
Parish that should make presentation of him," and the 
Governor and Council were authorised to suspend and 
silence any other persons assuming the functions of Minis- 
ters of the Church of England. This jurisdiction of the 
Governor and Council, (says Murdoch in his Epitome of 
the Laws of Nova Scotia,)* is supposed to be taken away 
by the subsequent erection of Nova Scotia into an Epis- 
copal See. The second clause of the act provided that 
" Protestant Dissenters from the Church of England, whe- 
ther they be Calvinists, Lutherans, Quakers, or under 
what denomination soever," should have free liberty of 
conscience, and might erect aEd build meeting-houses for 
public worship, and choose ministers for performing divine 
service according to their opinions,! and contracts between 
♦heir clergymen and congregations, were declared valid, 
and all such Dissenters were declared to be excused from 
rates and taxes for che support of the Established Church 
of England, % and these privileges are all declared to extend 
to RomanCatholics|| by a subsequent law. Ministers of the 



* Vol. 1. pige 181. 

t Nova Scotia Laws, vol. 1, page 7. 

+ The law on this subject in Prince Edward Island, is precisely similar to 
that [in Nova Scotia, See P. E. Island statute, 43 Geo: 3, chapter 6. The 
first two cianses of which are copied from the Nova Scotia statute of 1758. 

|] Act of 1627, 8 Geo. 4, c. 33. 



31 

Church of England not nonforming themselves to the rules 
prescribed by the canons of too church, are declared to be 
subject to the penalties and censures declared therein, and 
none other. Other statutes passed in this and the follow- 
ing years, provide for the erection of Parishes throughout 
Nova Scotia, by order of Governor and Council, and the 
appointment of church wardens and special vestries in each 
parish, with corporate powers to hold lands for the benefit 
of the parish church. * 

In the year 1758, Governor Lawrence issued a proclam" 
ation to the people of the Old Colonies, inviting them to 
settle the French lands along the Bay of Fundy and Basin 
of Minas, lately vacated by the Acadian French, and made 
.grants of several townships, each to a number of pro* 
prietors. In many of these grants a reservation was made 
for the first minister,! of one share, for the glebe 600 acres 
and for the school 400 acres. Portions of these lands 
have been brought under cultivation, and constitute valu- 
able glebes, but the greater part is still in a wilderness 
state. These grants of school lands were considered to 
have been made in conformity with the arrangement 
entered into by Government in 1749, with the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel in Foreign parts ; and the school- 
masters in connection with that society in Nova Scotia, 
have from time to rime occupied and improved many 
school lots in various parts of the Province, t 

From the tenor of the royal instructions to the Gov- 
ernors of Nova Scotia, the correspondence from the year 
1749 to the present time between Government and the 



*Laws of Nova Scotia. 33d Geo. 2, chap.3. By this act, the two church 
wardens and twelve special vestrymen are to be elected annually by ihe 
parishioners. 

f This has been usua"v understood not to refer to the ministers of th* 
Established OhurchJ 
% bishop's Report on school lands, 1846. Council Journals. 



32 

Society for Propagating the Gospel, as well as the natnre 
of the trusts formerly created of glebe and school-lands in 
conjunction, throughout that Province, it would appear to 
have been the intention of Government to place the school 
lands exclusively in the hands of the Church of England, 
The propriety of tbe course pursued has been frequently 
questioned in the Legislature, particularly with respect to 
the townships settled under Governor Lawrence's pro- 
clamation, between 1759 and 63, where the majority of the 
grantees were supposed to have been Protestant Dissenters. 
The question as to the right of theCbureh to administer '.her 
school-lands in *Nova Scotia, was brought fully before the 
notice of H. M. Government in 1839, when the Provincial 
Legislature passed an act to vest tht:m all in trustees for 
tbe general purposes of education. The British Govern- 
ment refused to sanction this bill, and declared, after hear- 
ing the opinion of counsel in England as to the rights ac- 
quired by the Society for Propagating the Gospel, that all 
school-lands already occupied and improved should be 
preserved to the Church, and Lord John Ruseel!, in his 
Despatch, expressed some doubts whether it would 
not be proper and just to admit the claims of the 
Church to a portion of the lands yet unoccupied, f 

In tbe two Provinces of Canada, a provision was made 
by the act of Parliament passed in the year 1791, | com- 
monly called the Quebec act, by the allotment of lands for 
the support of a Protestant clergy ; and the Crown was 
empowered by the act, to authorize the Governors of both 
Provinces, with the advice of their Executive Council-, to 



"These school lands, vviih a few exceptions, are of tittle value, and in 
some parts of the country, scarcely worth ihe expense and trouble of fenc- 
ing. 

f See Lord John Russell's Despatch to the Governor of Nova Scotia, on 
l.'ie subject of the school lands', in 1839. Assembly Journals, 1840. 

+ 31 Ueo. 3, chapter 31. 



33 

erect in any township or pariah a parsonage-house accord- 
ing to the Establishment of the Church of England, and 
to endow the same with lands ; and the Governors were 
empowered to present to such rectory or parsonage, an 
incumbent of the Ministry of the Church of England, who 
should hold the profits and emoluments on the same terms, 
and be liable to the performance of the same duties, as the 
incumbent of a parish or rectory in England : subject, 
however, to all rights of institution, and all other spiritual 
and ecclesiastical jurisdiction and authority, which have 
been or may be lawfully granted by the King's letters 
patent to the Bishop of Nova Scotia. * 

The Upper Canada statute, S7 Geo. 3, chapter 2, pro- 
vides for the appointment of parish officers in that part of 
Canada. The householders in each parish or township, by 
this act, choose one churchwarden, and the minister of 
the Church of England the other, who when sworn into 
office have corporate powers to hold goods and chattels, 
&c. Dissenters of all denominations are tolerated and 
protected by law in Canada, as well as in the other British 
Provinces, and their contracts connected with the support 
of public worship capable of being inforced by law. In 
the Province of New Brunswick, the Provincial statute 
veits the power of electing the wardens and special vestry 
in the pewholders of the several parishes throughout the 
Province. The churchwardens and vestry are there a 
corporation to hold lands, and possess more extensive 
powers by law than in Nova Scotia. Their duties are 
defined by statute, and there are several parishes incorpor- 
ated by speeial enactment. 

Advousons. — In Nova Scotia, the advouson f, or right 

* This act was passed before the appointment of a Bishop of Quebec. 

t Nomination is the substance of the advouson. Presentation and nomina- 
tion usually accompany each other, though they may be separated. 



34 

of nomination, it would appear, is in the parishioners. ** 
The Provincial statute, 32 Geo. c. 5, empowers the Gov- 
ernor to induct a minister into any parish that shall make 
presentation of him, such minister first presenting testi- 
mony of his license from the Bishop of London, (there 
was no Colonial Bishops at the time), and in other res- 
pects conforming himself to the orders and constitution of 
the Church of England, and the laws therein established.! 
There are about 25> parishes legally constituted in the 
Province of Nova Scotia. Owing to the limited contribu- 
tions usually made by the parishioners towards the support 
of their rectors, in the country parishes, the act of present- 
ation on the part of the people has fallen into disuse, and the 
Bishop whose duty it is to assign stations to all missionaries 
in Nova Scotia, has usually sent a clergyman to a vacant 
parish as a missionary of the society, tho' never it is sup- 
posed, without first consulting the wishes of" the people on 
the subject. The Society for Propagating the Gospel, it 
would appear from the early records of their proceedings, 
have always respected this right, whether vested in the 
Governors of the Provinces or the parishioners, and we find 
n their reports mention frequently made of clergymen who 
have been presented to benefices, both in NovaScotia, New 
Brunswick, andCanada, having been " adopted as mission- 
aries of the society," with an allowance as such. Thes e 
Nova Scotia statutes were in force within the Province of 



* This subject has never been adjudicated upon in No va Scotia. In 1825, 
some difficulties occurred respecting the presentation to the parish of St. 
Paul's, Halifax; but in that case the incumbent had been elevated to the 
bishoprick, and the Crown was consequently eniiiled to the next present- 
ation by law. 

t Immediately after the passing of this law, a memorial was laid before 
Governor Lawrence, signed by the Council and principal inhabitants of 
Halifax, presenting the Rev. John Breynton, and the Rev. Thomas Wood, 
to the Governor, to be "inducted into the parish church of the town of 
Halifax." They were accordingly " inducted into the joint real actual pos- 
session of the said church, with all the rights. &c. belcng:ng.' ; Reno U.S. P. 
G. 1760. 



35 

New Brunswick until 1791,* when they were declared to 
be no longer so by a special enactment. 

There are no ecclesiastical courts in America. The 
Bishops possess no temporal or spiritual power beyond 
that which is necessary for the internal government of the 
church. In Nova Scotia, the clergy are, by Provincial 
statutes, made subject to the penalties and censures de- 
clared in the canons of the Church, and none other, 
and in the other Provinces, some of their duties are 
definedlby local laws. The Colonial Bishops exercise 
a kind of patriarchal authority over their clergy, much, 
resembling that of the primitive ages of the church, 
and have never yet found it necessary to call in the aid of 
law or courts of justice, in the government of their dioceses. 



* The latter part of the 3d clause of the New Brunswick act, 26 Geo. 3 
chapter 4, which deprives cleigymen of their benefices on being convicted 
before any court of oyer and terminer, of departing from the order of the 
ritual of the Church of England, in their churches : says, •' it shall be law- 
ful in such case for the Governor to collate to the benefice or promotion, asf 
if the person so offending as aforesaid, was dead.'' 



4* 



CHAPTER II. 
Dlff! STF OF NOVA SCOTIA. ^ 

Tbe establishment of Episcopacy in America, bad been 
an object of solicitude on the part of tbe members of the 
National Church, both in Eogland and the Colonies, from 
the period of the Restoration to that of the American 
Revolution. 

As early as the vear 1673, King Charles 2d proposed 
to send a Bishop to "Virginia, and the Rev. Dr. Murray 
was nominated for tbe purpose ; but reasons of state are 
said to have interfered with tbe accomplishment of the 
design.* In 1705, an application was made from the 
Colonies, signed by 14 clergymen assembled at Burling- 
ton in New Jersey, to be supplied with a suffrigan to visit 
the several Churches, and the Society for Propagating the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts having taken up the subject, em- 
bodied the substance of tbe petition in a memorial to the 
Crown, in 1709 Stimulated by repeated appeals from the 
Colonies, the Society again renewed their application to 
the Crown, by a memorial dated June, 1715, in which it 
was stated that a site had been fixed upon for the residence 
of a Bishop, at Williimsburgb in Virginia, and another at 
Burlington in J^evv Jersey, at which latter place they bad 
made purchase of a house and lands for his residence. 
Tbe appointment was again prevented, owing as it was 

"Life ot Bishop Hobart. Hawkins's Missions of the Church. 



supposed, to the breaking out of the Scotch rebellion, and' 
the political opposition of Sir Robert Walpole's adminis- 
tration to a clergy suspected of favoring the Stuart family.* 
Applications on the subject from the clergy of America 
continued to be made until 1723, when two clergymen, 
Talbot f and Welton, received consecration from the non- 
juring Bishops, and proceeded to America, but interfer- 
ence on the part of the British Government of that day 
prevented these two Bishops from exercising their 
functions. 

About the period of the troubles in America, the ques- 
tion of the Episcopate had again become the topic of much 
discussion oo both sides of the water, and at length the 
desires of those who favored it were crowned with success. 
In 1784, the Episcopal office was once more conferred on 
the American Church, in the person of Dr. Seabury, who 
received consecration from the Scotch Bishops, and &vG 
years after, Drs. White and Provost, of New York, re- 
ceived consecration at the bands of Moore and Markham, 
the two English archbishops.^ 

The Bishoprick of Nova Scotia had been resolved on in 
1784, and Dr. Chandler, \\ of New York, fixed upon to fill 
the see. He declined the dignity, and recommended his 
friend Dr. Charles Inglis, formerly rector of Trinity 
church, in that city, who had for many years taken an 
active part in the discussions relating to American episco- 
pacy. Dr. Inglis was accordingly consecrated first Bishop 
of Nova Scotia, in 1787, § with ecclesiastical jurisdiction 
over the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, New 
Brunswick, and the Island of Newfoundland. 

*■ Hawkins's Missions of the Church, page 336. 

t Mr. Talbot had b«en in America many years, and was among those' 
most actively engaged in advancing the cause of American episcopacy. 
tThe Moravian Church had two Bishops in America, in 1750. 
|| Bishop Hobarl's Memoirs. Hawkins. 
§ The same year with Bishops White and Provost, of New York;- 



38 

At the period of the Bishop's appointment, there were 
eight clergymen of the Church of England in the Province 
of Nova Scotia, six in New Brunswick, two in Newfound- 
land, one in Cape Breton, and two or three in the Canadas. 
There were at the time but five schoolmasters connected 
with the Church Missions in the whole diocese. These 
schoolmasters enjoyed a small stipend from the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel. The allowance from the Society 
to its missionaries varied from £35 to £70Vsterling per 
annum, in addition to which each minister enjoyed a small 
allowance from Government, The sum of £10 was also 
allowed by the Society for a library, on the establishment 
of a mission, and a supply of bibles and prayer books, for 
distribution, by the missionary, were regularly furnished. 

At the conclusion of the revolutionary war, a number of 
loyalist families, chiefly attached to the Church of Eng- 
land, settled in the western part of Nova Scotia, in the 
Province of New Brunswick, and in the |Canadas, and 
eight or ten clergymen who had been missionaries of the 
Society in the Old Colonies, distributed | themselves 
throughout the diocese. The Dissenters, who then formed 
a large portion of the population of Nova Scotia, fwere 
scantily supplied with pastors, and the want of spiritual 
instruction was felt throughout the whole Province. The 
Governor in a letter to the society, dated 1785*, mentioned 
the destitute state of the settlers on the Atlantic coast east- 
ward from Halifax, and on the Gulf Shore, where the inha- 
bitants were chiefly composed of loyalist refugees about2000 
in number, all new settlers, and pointed out Ship Harbor, 
SheetHarbor, CountryHarbor, ChedabuctoBay,Antigonish,- 
Mirigomish, etc. as stations where missionaries would be 
eminently useful, Mr. DelaRoche was accordingly despatch- 



* Report S. P. G. 1786, 



39 

ed as a visiting missionary to Chedabucto (Guysboro 5 )-, in 
»n 1787, and a short time afterwards three schoolmasters 
and catecbista were stationed at convenient distauees on 
the Atlantic coast, and another sent to the negro popula- 
tion of Tracadie. These stations on the eastern shore 
were kept up by the Society until 1830. 

The Society for Propagating the Gospel having found 
themselves under the necessity of discontinuing their sala" 
ries to the missionaries in the independant Stares, engaged 
to provide for such as were willing to remove to his 
Majesty's Colonies, and the Government was induced to 
cooperate in the design, making an additional provision for 
ministers in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
wick. In accordance with this arrangement, the Rev. 
Samuel Cook, of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, the Rev. John 
Sayer, of Fairfield, New England, and the Rev. Mr. 
Beardsley, formerly missionary at Poughfceepsie, in the 
State of New York, were appointed to the Province of 
New Brunswick. They were soon followed by Mr. Bisset 
from Rhode Island, and Messrs-* Scovil, Clarke, and An- 
drews, from Connecticut.* 

Mr. John Sayer and Mr. Beardsley came to the 
River St. John, with the loyalist settlers, in 1783. Mr. 
Sayer spent the winter of that year at Maugerville, about 
sixty miles above Fort Howe, and preached to a mixed 
congregation of refugees and old settlers, in the Congre- 
gationalist meeting house. f Two other loyalist clergymen, 
Mr. Isaac Brown, of New Jersey, and Mr. Walter, settled 
m Nova Scotia. The latter was stationed at Shelburne,. 
and the former, a very old man, was superannuated on an 
allowance from the Society. Dr. Mather Byles, of Boston, 
was stationed at Halifax for several years as Military 
Chaplain. He was afterwards removed to St. John. 
* Report 1786. t Report 1784. 



— — i 



40 

Mr. Cook was a most active aDd zealous missionary, 
and may be considered the father of the church in New 
Brunswick. He arrived at St. John in the autumn of 
1785, where he was gladly received by the people, who 
had about eight months before purchased a house 36 feet 
by 28, for a church, but had been unable to render it com- 
fortable for divine worship. Mr. Cook called a vestry- 
meeting, and the sum of £90 was collected in three days 
which enabled them to plaster the interior, and erect a 
gallery. He was removed to Fredericton, formerly St. 
Anns, in August following, and his place supplied by Mr« 
Bisset. The Sunday following his arrival at Fredericton, 
he preached to a congregation of about 70 persons, in the 
King's provision store, the windows of which were after- 
wards glazed, and a reading desk placed there, and pews 
erected, for the convenience of the congregation. In 
October they proceeded to organize their parish by the 
appointment of churchwardens, special vestries, and other 
parish officers, and on Christmas day following, the Lord's 
supper was administered to 14 communicants.* 

At the request of the Governor, Mr. Cook undertook 
in the month of November of that year, to visit Passama- 
quoddy Bay, and the town of St. Andrews, then recently 
laid out, and consisting of 200 houses. He also paid a 
visit to Campobello, Digedeguash, and the surrounding 
settlements, baptised 78 children and adults, and made ar- 
rangements for the establishment of a resident missionary- 
From the conversations he held with the leading inhabi- 
tants, he expressed himself in a letter to the Society per- 
suaded that a Church of England missionary would be 
very acceptable in the place, though many of the settlers 

* Report S..P. G. 



41 

were of the Kirk of Scotland. * Mr. Cook remained sta- 
tioned at Frederieton until 1795, when his valuable life 
was brought to a sudden termination by the upsetting of his 
canoe in attempting to cross the river near the town. 

A grant was made by Parliament about the year 1787 
of £2000, for the purpose of building churches in the 
Province of New Brunswick. 

In Nova Scotia, the number of missionaries were in- 
creased by the addition of Mr. Bernard Houseal to the 
German Mission at Halifax in 17S5. Mr. Shreve lately 
ordained by the Bishop of London to the Parish of Pars- 
borough, and Mr. Money to Lunenburg in 1787. About 
1791, Dr. Mather Byles was appointed to Saint John, and 
Mr. Oliver Arnold was officiating at Sussex Vale, Mr. 
Frederick Diblee at Woodstock, and in 1793, Mr. George 
Pidgeon at Beile Isle. This gentleman was afterwards re- 
moved to Fredericron, on the death of Mr. Cook, in 1795. 

The first act of Bisftop Inglis on arriving at his see, was 
to obtain means for the establishment of a seminary of 
learning in connection with the Episcopate. The design 
of establishing a public grammar school at Halifax, had 
heen in contemplation as early as 1769, and the Rev. Mr. 
Smith, Provost of the College at Philadelphia, f applied to 
for procuring a person properly qualified to take charge of 
such a school. The committee at Halifax, in correspon- 
dence with the Society for Propagating the Gospel, at their 
meeting held in October of that year, determined on sub- 
rr.il ting the subject to the consideration of the parent 
society, and on the 17th of October, 1770, resolved on 
recommending that the allowance to schoolmasters, 
throughout the Provine* 1 / should be withdrawn, and 
devoted to the support of a ~ i Public Seminary," that it 
was their opinion the fund would be so enlarged by liberal 
* Keport 1786. \ M. S. Minutes of Corresponding Committee. 



42 

subscriptions, from the principal inhabitants of the Pro- 
vince, as to become an ample support for a g'entleman of 
learning and respectability to engage in the trust, " that 
in consideration of the examples to youth in the capita! 
from a mixture of troops and navy, they were further of 
opinion that a Seminary or Collegiate School should be 
more safely and usefelly established at Windsor, the near- 
est country-town, and where the youth to be trained up 
would have less avocations from their studies and pursuits 
in learning." They also referred to the fact of the 
Governor and Council having reserved some vacant lands 
in Cumberland for the endowment of a Seminary to be 
established at Windsor. 

In 1783, the subject was again brought forward and 
urged upon the attention of Sir Guy Carleton, the Gov- 
ernor General, by five clergymen of New York, of whom 
Dr. Inglis was one ; and in 17S6, Dr. Barrington, after- 
wards Bishop of Durham, drew up a paper which was 
submitted to Government, entitled «« Thoughts on the 
establishment of the Church of England in Nova Scotia," 
recommending the endowment of a Seminary of learning, 
to furnish a regular succession of Ecclesiastics. After a 
lengthy and protracted correspondence on the part of the 
Bishop of Nova Scotia, wi:h Lord Dorchester at Quebec, 
and the public authorities in England and Nova Scotia, an 
Academy was opened at Windsor, on the 1st November, 
1788, under the direction of the Bishop, the Provincial 
Legislature having previously voted £400 sterling for its 
support. The Royal instructions on the subject of schools 
were laid before the Legislature on this occasion, and 
their proceedings contain a Rebuiution* " for the speedy 

* ftishop of Nova Scotia's Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Dec. 
2"'J7. Dishop^' Memoranda published at Halifax in 1336. 






43 

ssrtablishment of a public school in a central situation., tha*. 
«n exemplary clergyman of the Established Church should 
fee placed at the head of the school, that a Professor of 
Mathematics be provided, and that the Bishop of Nova 
"Scotia be requested to procure these officers." The pro- 
priety of establishing a College was also suggested, upon 
which the " members were recommended to consult their 
Constituents, that they might come prepared at the n&u 
session, to give the fullest information on the subject. " 
Accordingly, the following year an act of the Legislature 
was passed, by which £400 sterling was granted, for ever, 
towards the support of a College at Windsor, and also 
constituting the Governor of the Province, the Chief Jus- 
tice, the Secretary, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Att'y. 
and Solicitor "General for the time being. Governors of the 
College, with corporate powers to hold lands and make 
statutes for its government, and to appoint Presidents, 
Professors, and other officers, (thePresident always to be a 
clergysnan of the Church of England.) The sum of £500 
was at the same time granted to purchase a proper situa- 
tion for the College, and the Governors empowered to em- 
ploy temporary Professors for the immediate education of 
youth, until a sufficient building should be erected, and a 
charter obtained from the Sovereign, to authorize the open- 
ing of the College in due form. * 

The whole proceedings of the Provincial Legislature 
relative to the College, are evidently characterized by, a 
disposition not unfriendly to the Established Church, and 
the Dissenters in the Assembly freely united with the 
Churchmen in making the provision desired by the friends 
of the institution. Through the earnest solicitation of the 

* 1st vol. Laws N. S., page 268. 
5 



44 

Bishop, and the liberal provision of the Colonial Legisla- 
ture, the British Government were subsequently induced to 
obtain grants from Parliament, to the amount of £4000, 
towards the erection of suitable buildings, and to declare 
its intention of granting a Charter, the warrant for which 
was made out in 1792, but the Charter itself was not issued 
until the year 1802. This year, a further Grant of £1000 
per annum was made by Parliament to the College, with a 
promise from Government of further assistance, if the 
undertaking should flourish and require additional support* 
Sn the latter part of the year 1800, the son t of 
the Bishop, proceeded to England, being intrusted by 
the Governors with contributions to the amount of £250, 
for the purchase of Books as a foundation for a Library 
for the College Through the exertions of the Archbishop 
of Canterbury, and the Bishops of London and Rochester, 
together with Mr. Wilberforce, and some others, (who 
withheld their contributions for some time, until clearly 
satisfied of the real connection of the College with the 
Church,) a large addition to the books was obtained — with 
contributions to the amount of £400 for the same purpose. 
Such was the foundation of the Library of King's Col- 
lege, which by subsequent purchases, and donations from 
the University of Oxford, etc., is now, perhaps, the largest 
collection of books in the Province.]: 

The statutes of this institution were formed in the year 
1303, when the obnoxious one of compelling all students, 



♦Memoranda published by Ihe Bishop of Nova Scotia. 

•t The present Bishop of Nova Scotia. 

t This Library has always been rendered next, to useless to any one excep* 
the Professors, by the existence of a Statute preventing any student from 
having access to it until they hav^ obtained a degree, f lie period at which, 
ihey usually leave the College. It is said to be copied from a Statute ex- 
isting in the University of Oxford, quite inapplicable to the circumstances of 
the Colony. It is understood, however, that this statute is not now rigor- 
ously intdrccd. 



45 

before receiving their degree, to subscribe to the Thirty., 
nine Articles of the English Church, was carried by a 
majority of the Governors, much aguinst the wishes of the 
Bishop, then visitor of the College under the Charter, who 
protested against a Statute which would give dissatisfaction 
to respectable Dissenters, and operate to exclude their 
children from the advantages of a Collegiate education. 
Three years afterwards, through the intervention of the 
Bishop, these statutes were annulled, and a new code es- 
tablished, which, while they strengthened the union be- 
tween the College and the Church, abolished the obnoxious 
rule which virtually excluded Dissenters from the privilege 
of Graduates.* These Revised Statutes were never pub- 
lished, and the public were misled for many years, by the 
circulation of printed copies of the first set of statutes. 
Prepossessions were thus permitted to gain ground in the 
minds of influential portions of the community against the 
College, which have tended very much to circumscribe its 
usefulness as a general seminary of education. 

In 1821, a design was formed of uniting King's College 
with the Institution then about to be established at Halifax 
by Lord Dalhousie, who having in his possession a copy of 
the statutes of 180S, had justly imbibed strong sentiments 
of disapprobation of the College ; a negotiation ensued on 
the subject, which was protracted for several years, and 
terminated in the design being abandoned. It was again 
revived about the year 1835, when an attempt was made 
to obtain a surrender of the Charter, but the connection of 
the College with the Church being fully made out, and a 
Serge portion of its endowment resting on these conditions, 
any alteration of its Constitution in this respect, was 
found impracticable. 

* The Bishop's Memoranda-. 



46 

From the terms of the Charter, by wbich the Archbishop 
ot Canterbury is Patron, with a veto on all Statutes, and 
the Bishop of Nova Scotia the Visitor, as well as the tenor 
of the whole correspondence and proceedings connected 
with Windsor College, it appears that the institution was 
most clearly and unequivocally understood and intended to 
be permanently under the controul of the Church authori-. 
ties, the principal design of Government, as well as of ha 
founders and benefactors, being (while the diffusion of 
learning should be secured to all classes and denomina- 
tions by its instrumentality), the training of a Native 
Clergy to fill the offices of the Church. 

In the year 1824, the interests, of the College began to 
revive. The sum of £4000* sterling was obtained in 
England, from members of the Church, as an addition to 
its endowment, f chiefly through the exertions of the pre- 
sent Bishop theu in England, and the Society for Pro- 
pagating the Gospel made a grant of £500 per annum, 
for the general purposes of the College, in addition to 
their allowance for Divinity Scholarships $ and Exhibi- 
tions, which has been continued to the present time. The 
proposed withdrawal of this £500, in 1846, produced an 
appeal from the Bishop to the Alumni, and friends of 
King's College, in behalf of the funds of the Institution} 
which has terminated in a permanent association of the 
Alumni, who have obtained an Act of Incorporation, ena- 
bling them to bold funds for the support of Professorships, 



*The Annua] Grant of £l0C0 from Government was withdrawn in 1834, 
rFor Statement of the Funds of the College, see Appendix. 
+ The Allowance from the Society, for the year 1848, is: — 
,£200 sterling for Divinity Scholarships. 
100 " for Exhibitions, (The Grammar School.) 
25 " for the Chaplain. 
250 " for general purposes. 
The Society for Tromoting Christian Knowledge have also made Annual 
Grants of Money to the College, in aid of the Divinity Scholarships. 



41 

and other objects. This Association, though carefully 
arranged, so as not to interfere with the powers vested in 
the Governors under the Charter, must, if successful, 
eventually exercise a most important influence over the 
future management of the College. 

Since the incorporation of the Associate Alumni, it has 
been proposed to increase tbe endowment of the Col- 
lege, by raising the sum of ,£6000, to be invested as a per- 
manent fund for the support of the Institution. £2Q0O ; 
has been subscribed by the Alumni, in consideration of 
which the Bishop of the Diocese has undertaken to use 
his best endeavours to raise the same amount, and the 
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge have agreed 
to provide the remainder, one-half to be paid down when 
the first £2000 has been subscribed. The sum subscribed 
by the Alumni includes £500 raised for the proposed 
founding of a Divinity Scholarship, to be called the Cogs- 
well Scholarship, in memory of the late Rev. William 
Cogswell, Curate of St. Paul's, Halifax, an Alumnus of 
the University* whose deep piety and literary attainments 
drew forth the esteem and admiration of all with whom he 
was associated. The Alumni support a Professorship of 
Modern Languages, and an Annual Prize for She best 
scholar in that branch of literature ; an Annual Hebrew 
Prize has also been lately founded by the Rev. Dr. Mc- 
Cauley, President of tbe College. 

Tbe establishment of a Bisbopriek at Quebec, in 1793 
limited the jurisdiction of tbe See of Nova Scotia to the 
Acadian Provinces, and the Island of Newfoundland. The 
names and Stations of the Clergy in the Diocese, at this 
time, were as follows, viz :— -Robert Stanser, Rector of 
St. Paul's, at Halifax ; Bernard Houseal, Missionary 
10 the Germans, in Halifax; George Wiigfat, Master of 

5* 



48 

the Academy ; Joshua W. Weeks,* Missionary at Preston ; 
William Cochran, President of the College at Windsor* 
officiating at Falmouth ; William Twining, Cornwallis 
££ 7 and Horton ; James Wiswell, Wilmot and Aylesford ; 
/ Archibald P. Inglis, Granville ; JacobJBailey, Anna- 
polis ; Roger Veits, Digby ; Richard Money, Lunen- 
burg ; Thomas Shreve, Parrsborough ; Edward Wil- 
loughby, Cumberland ; William Ellis, Windsor; Peter 
Delaroebe, Guysborough ; John Rowland, Sbelburne; and 
David Ormonde, Yarmouth, Argyle, and Barrington ; 
Chester, and Newport, vacant ; Remna Cosset, at Sydney, 
C.B.f In New Brunswick: Samuel_Cook, at Fredericton ; 
Dr. Mather Byies, St. John ; John Beardsley, Maugerrille ; 
James Scovil, Kingston ; Samuel Andrews, St. Andrews; 
itich'd. Clarke, Gagetown ; Wm. Price, Nashwaak ; Oliver 
Arnold,. Sussex Vale ; F. Dibblee, Woodstock, and superin- 
tendent of the Indian School there ; and G. Pidgeon, Belle- 
isle. In Newfoundland:— John Harris, at St. John ; John 
Clinch, Trinity Bay ; John Evans, Placentia ; and Sam'l. 
Coles, Ferry land and Bay of Bulls. Harbor Grace and Car- 
bonear, vacant. 

The Bishop of Nova Scotia made visitations through 
various portions of his Diocese, in the years 17i>0 and 9S- 
In the former year, the number of confirmations, at 
Shelhurne, was 284, and at Lunenburg 32.. In 1793 
and 95, he visited the Churches of New Bruns- 
wick. Mr. Cook, as Ecclesiastical Commissary of New 
Brunswick, also held a visitation of the Clergy of that 
Province, in September, 1794. In 1793, the Bishop again 
held a visitation, at Fredericton, when he reported the - 
Clergy as " maintaining their usual good character, being 

- Rpm'.vpd to Guysborough in 1795, on the death of.Mf. Deialtoche. 
t Appointed to- this Mission 1784. 



49 

of exemplary life, diligent in discharge of their clerical ; 
duty, and generally esteemed by their parishioners ; that* 
their Congregations were in as flourishing a condition as 
could be reasonably expected, and the number of cornmun" 
icants increased." A School bad been established about 
this time, at Fredericton, for the black people, under the 
direction of Mr- Fidgeon, the Rector, and the Bishop pro- 
cured from the Association of Dr. Dray, an allowance of 
10*. a year, for the education of each black child, not ex-' 
ceeding thirty.* 

In Nova Scotia the Church was reinforced by the arrival 
from England of two Missionaries, the Rev. W. C. King, 
and the Rev. Mr. Norris, in 1797 or S, and by the ordain- 
ation of the Rev. Mr. Mellidge, in 1795, and the Rev. . 
Benjamin Gerrish Gray, appointed, in 1797, chaplain to 
the Ma#oons, then settled at Preston, with the care of that 
Mission. Mr. King took charge of the Parish of Rawdon 
and Douglas, and Mr. Norris that of Chester, vacant by 
the melancholy death of the Rev. Mr. Lloyd, who perished - 
the previous winter in attempting to walk from Chester to 
Windsor. Mr. King, on takingcharge of his Mission, was • 
much encouraged by the zeal of his people in the promotion 
of religion, and the great liberality which the Dissenters of 
every description bad shown him. t 

In 1798, the Society for Propagating the Gospel having 
taken into consideration the state of the Missionaries in 
Newfoundland, their labours and dangerous duties, were 
induced to increase their salaries, not, however, in equal 
advance, but according to the situation and circumstances 
of each Mission. This year we find the Rev. John Harries 
zealously engaged in forwarding the erection of a new 



* Report 1799. 
! -Report 1798. 



50 

Church* at St. John**. Toe Rev. Mr. Jenner was in 
Charge of the Missionary Stations of Harbor Grace and 
Carbonear, Conception Bay, and Port de Grace, in wbich 
latter place he had a numerous congregation, and S6 com- 
municants. Mr. Clinch, then at Trinity Biy, had charge 
of Old Perlicae, and several other Stations, and Mr.Evans 
was resident Missionary at Placentia Bay. The Church 
Schools at Buonavista, Burin, Scilly Cove, and Harbor 
Grace, t were in a prosperous condition. 

From the commencement of the present century uptothe 
year 1S14, the progress of the Church in the Diocese of 
Nova Scotia, had not been marked by any rapid advan- 
ces. Several substantial Churches and Parsonage Houses 
were erected in New Brunswick and the Western part of 
Nova Scotia, under the direction of the Bishop, and 
Grants of Glebe Land obtained for new Parishes. In 
Newfoundland, the Church during this period, can 
scarcely be said to have kept its ground : there had been 
no increase in the number of Missionaries for ten 
or twelve years, and for a great part of the time 
but three resident clergymen in the island. $ Each 
Missionary had a salary of about £100 per annum, in 
addition to the Government allowance, and there were 
also four or five schoolmasters with small stipends. la 
1817 two new Missionaries came out and the salaries were 
increased to £200 per annum, by the Society. 

The names and stations of the Clergy of the Diocese 
in the year of 1 SI 5, were as follows—viz : In New 



- A Church had been erected at St. John's in 1790, under the superinten- 
dence of Mr. Harries. The belis were presented by Mr. Collins and Mr. 
Brown, and the books by Mr Saunders. The following year the Rev. YVm. 
Black, Wesleyen Missindarv at Halifax, visited Newfoundland, and preached 
the Gospel atS-t. John's and Carbonear, with great success. 

i Report 1799. 

! Great difficulty was experienced by the Society in procuring Missionaries 
:o co out to Newfoundland, about this lime. 



51 

Brunswick : George Mountain,* at Fredericks ; George- 
Pidgeon, St. John ; James Bisset, Maugerville ; E. Scovil, 
Kingston; Samuel Andrews, St. Andrews; R. Clarke,. 
Gagetown ; Oliver Arnold, Sussex Vale ; and Frederick 
Dibblee, Woodstock. 

In Nova Scotia : Dr. Stanser, at Halifax ; George 
Wright, Missionary to the Germans ; Dr. Cochran, Presi- 
dent of College, officiating at Falmouth ; Cyrus Perkins,. 
Annapolis; Wm. C. King, Windsor; John Milledge, Gran- 
ville; Thomas Rowland, Shelburne; Thomas Shreve, Lu- 
nenburg; Charles W. Weeks, Guysborough; Charles In 
gles, Chester ; Ranna Cossit, Yarmouth ; Benj. G.Gray, 
Sackville; Robert Norris, Cornwallis ; Roger Veits, Dig- 
by; William Twining, Rawdon and Douglas; Parn-horoV 
Wilmot, Aylesford and Sydney being vacant. There 
were also 19 schoolmasters connected with the Church io 
Nova Scotia, and nine in New Brunswick, paid partly frorm 
the funds of the Society for Propagating the Gospel. 

The name and stations of the missionaries in Newfound^ 
land were as follows, viz: David Rowland at St. Johns ; 
Frederick H. Carrington, Carbonear and Harbor- Grace ;: 

Clinch, Trinity Bay ; the mission at Placentia, vacant. 
There were also 6 Church Schoolmasters in the Island. 

Previous to the year 181& the Society upon opening a 
new mission usually granted a small salary to the minis- 
ter not exceeding in most cases £70< sterling,, (except in 
Newfoundland, where the allowance had been £100 since^ 
1801 or 2), and upon the recommendation of Government, 
the Secretary of State directed the issue of a small allow- 
ance to each missionary, through the Agent of the Colony. 
In 1813. Government recommended to Parliament that an 
annual grant should be made to the Society, which enabled 

* Now Bishop of Montreal. 



Ibem to raise the salaries of their Missionaries to £200 
sterling, per annum. The allowance from the Society was 
always independent of what could be derived from the con- 
tributions ot the people or any parochial endowment that 
might exist, and usually proportioned to the circum- 
stances of the missionary in this respect. * 

On the death of Bishop inglis, which took place in 18I6-, 
the Rev. Dr. Stanser, rector of St. Paul's, Halifax, was 
elevated to the Bishoprick by the recommendation of the 
Governor, Council, and Assembly, and Dr. John Inglis* 
appointed to the vacant Rectory, and at the same time 
made Ecclesiastical Commissary. At the period of the 
Bishop's appointment, there were but fourteen Clergymen 
of the cbarch in the Province of Nova Scotia, and six 
missions vacant.t — During the following seven years the 
Clergy bad considerably increased, their number io 1824 
being as follows— viz : 24 in Nova Scotia, 14 in New 
Brunswick, two in P. E. Island and one in Cape Breton, 
all missionaries of the Society. 

About the year 1822 the Rev. Robert Willis, Rector of 
St. John, was appointed Commissary of New Bruns- 
wick, and the Rev. John Leigh, Commissary of 
Newfoundland. Each made a tour of visitation through 
the various missions under his superintendence. The 
Rev. Mr. Burnyeat, visiting missionary, about the 
same time made a tour of the whole Province of Nova 
Scoua and part of New Brunswick. The returns made in 
1823 of the number of communicants in the diocese, were 
as follows : — viz. 

Nova Scotia, 685 — no returns from IS missions. 

Cape Breton, 90 

• Report S. P. G. t Kept. S. P. G., ]8l7. 



53 

New Brunswick, 639 — no returns from 10 missions 

Prince Edward Island, — no returns. 

Bermuda, — do. 

Newfoundland, 100 — no returns from several mis- 

sions and stations, 

1604 

The total number in the diocese at the time was probably 
2500. The Society had 6S schoolmasters in the diocese 
So of wtiom were residents in the Province of 
Nova Scoiia, and 16 in New Brunswick. * The National 
sysfem of Education at this time bad been introduced into 
the Colonies, under the patronage and auspices of the 
Society, and establishments founded atHalifax, Quebec and 
St. John, which were then in a flourishing condition. 

Two schools for the instruction of the Indians had been 
established in the Province of New Brunswick, at an early 
period ; one at Woodstock and another at Sussex Vale. 
Mr. Leonard, a considerable benefactor to the Church in 
that province, built a room for the Indiau school, at Sussex 
Tale, in 1795— SO feet in length and 30 wide, in which the 
white children were also taught. The master of this 
school, Mr. Elkanah Morton, received a small salary from 
the Society for teaching the white children, and the same 
allowance was continued to his successors. In 1324 the 
Indian schoolmaster, who taught on the Madras system s 
had an allowance from the Province, in addition to which 
the Society for Propagating the Gospel gave him £15 for 
teaching a white class. He taught in the old building then 
called the College for civilizing the Indians. The number 
of Indian boys in the school was 14. No jealousy or dislike 
was manifested on the part of the Indians to the institution, 
but on the contrary there were generally more applicants 
than could be admitted. The plan of the college was, 



* Report S. P. G. 



54 

•when the children were admitted and clothed, they were 
•apprenticed out to different families in the settlement, who 
had their services on condition of sending them at certain 
times to the college or school, for instruction. A number 
of Indians educated there are now settled throughout the 
Province. The school is endowed with a considerable 
quantity of land, but the buildings in the year 1823 were 
reported to be in a very bad state of repair.* 

Bishop Stanser's health declining shortly after his ap- 
pointment, be went to England^ and the care of the Dio- 
cese devolved on Dr. John Inglis, Ecclesiastical Commis- 
sary of Nova Scotia, who was appointed Bishop in 1825 on 
the retirement of Bishop Stanser from the See.f 

The new Bishop immediately divided his Diocese into 
four Archdeaconries. The Rev. Dr. Willis was appoint- 
ed Archdeacon of Nova Scotia and Rector of St. Paul's, 
Halifax : the Rev. Mr. Best, Archdeacon of New Bruns- 
wick ; the Rev. A. G. Spencer, Archdeacon of Bermuda, 
•and the -Rev. George Coster, Archdeacon of Newfound- 
land. The latter gentleman was afterwards removed to 
]New Brunswick. The several Archdeacons proceeded to 
visit their respective charges, aud the most minute and 
satisfactory information was thereby obtained of the state 
of the whole Diocese.— Early in the month of April, 1826, 
Bishop [nglis proceeded in a ship of war to Bermuda; 
where he was received with all possible marks of respect : 
no Bishop having ever before visited that Colony. Ber. 
muda is divided into nine Parishes, each provided with a 
church and small glebe. The Bishop found four resident 

*Rep. s. P. G. 

t The revenue of this See consists of a grant of £2000 sterling per annum , 
from the Parliament, during the life of the present flishop, and the sum of 
£400 per annum, from a fund called the American Bishop's Fund, admiais- 
•tered by the society P. G., which is permanent; also a small farm near 
Windsor, belonging to the see. 



55 

clergymen in the Island— Archdeacon Spencer, at Paget 
ami Warwick; Mr. Lough, at St. George's; Mr. Hare, 
at Somerset, and Mr. Pott, just arrived, at Hamilton.* Dur- 
ing his stay at Bermuda, he administered the rite of confir- 
mation to 1200 persons, of whom one hundred were blacks. 
He found the negro population anxious to receive religious 
instruction, and immediate arrangements were entered into 
by Archdeacon Spencer for the establishment of schools, 
These schools, says the Report of 1327—8, under the Jea- 
lous and active superintendence of the Archdeacon, have 
assumed a conspicuous feature in the religious concerns of 
the Diocese. Independently of many inferior schools for 
the education of the lower orders, both bond and free, 
measures were at the time preparedj partly at the charge 
of the localGovernment and partly from funds derived from 
private subscriptions, to establish a good Grammar School, 
with an English Church clergyman at its head. The 
Archdeacon's schools were assisted from time to time by 
grants from the Society for Promoting Christian Know* 
ledge ; nearly 1000 children in the year 1835 were receiving 
instruction in the different schools under his superinten- 
dence. 

During the following summer Bishop Inglis, having the 
Government brig Chebucto, and occasionally a frigate at 
his command, visited every part of his Diocese. He found 
' his clergy throughout laboriously engaged both in the re- 
gular discbarge of their duties to the several congrega- 
ions more particularly committed to their care, and in oc~ 
asional ministrations to remote settlements, as frequently 
s circumstances would permit." Availing himself of the 
*cilitie3 afforded by the well manned boats of a ship of 
var, to touch at the various out-harbours of Newfound- 



*The people of Bermuda were also at this period beginning to receive 
considerable assistance from the Wesleyan Methodist Missions. 



5tf 

land, the Bishop was enabled ro acquire a knowledge li'jr 
personal observation of the most remote and destitute- 
stations of the Church. At the request of the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel his attention was particularly 
directed to the state of the schools, then partially main- 
tained by the Society in Newfoundland, There were at 
the time of the Bishop's visit, 23 schoolmasters iu 
the Island, with an annual stipend to each of £20 sterling 
from the Society, which he enjoyed in addition to the 
income derived from the parents of the children. 

The number of Confirmations throughout the Diocese nl 
this. visitation was 43G0, 44 new Churches were conse- 
crated and arrangements made for the erection of many 
more. The number of Communicants as returned in the 
several reports made to the Bishop was as follows :— 
1828 — In Nova Scotia 1060— no returns from 13 missions, 

" New Brunaivick 1320— do do 4 do 

" Newfoundland 600— do do 3 do 

" Bermuda 524 — 

3504 20 

Upon the return of the Bishop from Newfoundland hi» 
attention was turned to the state of the Eastern pait oft.be? 
Province of Nova Scotia and the country bordering on the-. 
Gulf Shore. Though the population of this part of the 
Diocese were chiefly attached to the Church of Scotland, 
and its Dissenting Congregations, yet by the rapid growth 
of the country a large number of persons professing to be- 
long to the Church of England, as well as destitute settlers 
attached to no particular denomination, were found to be 
almost entirely without spiritual guidance. The Visita- 
tions of tbe Archdeacon and others afford detailed account* 
n f the state of this portion of the Diocese. The people 
baing found ready to contribute towards the erection of 



57 

Churches, and the support of resident Clergymen, mea- 
sures were taken by the Bishop for the establishment of se- 
veral new Mission?. The Rev. Mr. Shaw was sent this year 
as Missionary to Arichat in Cape Breton, his knowledge of 
the French language enabling him to administer to the 
inhabitants, many of whom were Protestants from Jersey 
and Guernsey, Hitherto the whole Island of Cape Breton 
bad been included in the Mission of the Ilev. Charles 
Ingles; Rector of Sydney, who occasionally visited Aricha t 
and other places, when the immediate duties of his Parish 
would permit. In 1825, Mr. Ingles travelled over a large 
portion of the island, and in 1828 visited theGut of Canso and 
the Gulf Shore. At the Archdeacon's Visitation the pre- 
vious year, the number of families attached to the CLurcb, 
in and around Arichat, was 113, including 416 souls. 

In reference to the Island of Prince Edward, «* it is only 
within the last four years," (says the Report S. P. G. for 
1827), " that the Society have extended their operations to 
this fertile and valuable Colony, it was considered as al- 
most exclusively devoted to the Presbyterian form of wor- 
ship, the principal proprietors being originally from Scot. 
land.*' The Rev. Theophilus Desbrisay, Missionary 
fit Chariottetown, was first taken into the S"rvice of 
'he Society in 1819. * The attempt to introduce 
Church Missionary establishments at first proved un- 
successful. Mr. T. Desbrisay was succeeded by Mr. 
Aden, whose ministry was equally unsuccessful. On 
the nomination of Mr. Jenkins, of St. Eleanor's, to the 
Rectory of Chariottetown, means were immediately taken 
to erect a Church, and the number of the Clergy has since 
increased co seven, each Missionary having one or more 



* A pleasing testimony of the piety an 1 Christian lihpralitv of this excel- 
lent Minister, will he found in the Memoirs of the Rev. W. Black, published 
at Halifax in 1839. 



58 

Congregations under his care. Dr. Jenkins is now Eccle- 
siastical Commissary of Prince Edward Island. 

The Names and Stations of the Clergy of the Diocese 
of Nova Scotia, in 1829, were as follows, viz :— 

Nova Scotia. — Rev. Richard B. Wiggins, Amherst ; 
Rev. John Milledge, L. L. D., Annapolis ; Rev. Edwin 
Gilpin, Ayle;»ford ; Rev. James Shreve, Chester; Rev. 
Joshua W. Weeks, LeHave; Rev. Matthew B. Desbrisay, 
Dartmouth ; Rev. Roger Veits, Digby ; Rev. William 
Cochrane, D.D., Falmouth ; Rev. Francis Walley, Gran- 
ville ; Rev. Charles W. Weeks, Guysborough ; Venerable 
Robert Willis, D. D , Archdeacon of Nova Scotia, 
Halifax; Rev. R. F. Uniacke, St. George's, Halifax; 
Rev. John S- Clarke, Horton ; Rev. John F. Moody r 
Liverpool ; Rev. James C. Cochrane, Lunenburg ; Rev. 
Charles Porter, D.D., Newport, and President of King's 
College, Windsor ; Rev George E. W. Morris, Rawdon; 
Rev. John Connolly, Sackville ; Rev. John Thomas Twi- 
ning, Garrison Chaplain, Halifax ; Rev. Thomas B. Row- 
land, L.L.D., Shelburne ; Rev. Alfred Gilpin, Weymouth; 
Rev. William C. King, Windsor ; Rev Thos. A. Gran_ 
tham, Yarmouth ; Rev. John Burnyeat, Truro ; Rev. Wm. 
B. King, Visiting Missionary ; Rev. Moore Campbell, 
Cornwallis ; Rev. F. Salt, Principal of Grammar School, 
Windsor ; Rev. Charles Ingles, Sydney, Cape Breton ;. 
Rev. James A. Shaw, Arichat ; Rev. George S. Jarvis, 
Rev. Thomas H. White, Rev. Charles Elliot, Stations not 
then fixed. 

Prince Edward Island. — Rev. Louis C. Jenkins, 
Charlottetown ; Rev. Wm. W. Walker, St. Eleanor's. 

New Brunswick.— -Rev. Alexander C. Somerville, 
Bathurst ; Rev. F. Coster, Carleton ; Rev. James Somer- 
ville, Douglas ; Rev. Archdeacon Coster, Rector— Rev. 
George McCauley, Assistant, Fredericton ; Rev. Samuel 



59 

R. Clarke, Gagetown ; Rev. Abraham Wood, Grand 
Lake ; Rev. James Cookson, Hampton ; Rev. Elias Sco- 
vil, Rector — Rev. A. V". Wiggins, Assistant, Kingston; 
Rev. Raper Milne r, Maugerville ; Rev. Samuel Bacon, 
Rector — Rev. Arch'd. Gray, Miramicbi; Rev. A, D.Par- 
ker, Prince William; Rev. Christopher Milner, Sack- 
ville ; Rev. Jerome Alley, St. Andrews ; Rev. Samuel 
Thomson, St. George's; Rev. Benj. Gerrish Gray, Rector 
—Rev. T. W. D'Gray, Assistant, St. John's ; Rev. Dr. 
S. Thomson, St. Stephens ; Rev. Samuel E. Arnold, She- 
diac ; Rev. Oliver Arnold, Rector ; Rev. H. N. Arnold, 
Assistant, Sussex Vale; Rev. Gilbert L. Wiggins. West- 
field ; Rev. George Cowell, Woodstock ; Rev. Dr. Jacob, 
Principal Fredericton College. 

Newfoundland. — Venerable Edward Wix, Bonavista, 
Archdeacon of Newfoundland ; Rev. P. Perring, Ferry- 
land ; Rev. Allan Coster, Green's Pcnd ; Rev. John Bert> 
Harbor Grace and Carbonear ; Rev Charles Blackmore, 
Port des Grave ; Rev. S- H. Carrington, St. Johns ; Rev. 
William Bullock, Trinity Bay ; Rev. Otto S. Weeks, As- 
sistant ; Rev. James Chapman, Twillingate ; Rev. James 
Robertson, station unassigned. 

Bermuda — Ven. A. G. Spencer, D. D , Archdeacon of 
Bermudas, Paget and Warwick ; Rev. J. Lough, St. 
George's, Chaplain to Garrison ; Rev. R. iioare, and Rev. 
J. G Murray, Master of School, Somerset : Rev. F. Pott 
Smith and Hamilton ; Rev, R. J. Tucker, Assistant, ditto ; 
Rev. J. H. Lightburne, Pembroke and Devonshire ; Rev 

R. Mantack, Chaplain to Convict Ships ; Chaplain 

to Dockyard. 

Schoolmasters and Catechists of the Society in the Dio- 
ceses: in Nova Scotia, 51 ; New Brunswick, 33 ; in P. E. 
Island, I ; Newfoundland, 28 ; Bermudas, 2 

A gradual diminution, annually, in the Parliamentary 

e* 



60 

Grant to the Society for the support of the Clergy in NortrY 
America, bad reduced that allowance, in the year 1834, to 
£4000 sterling. An arrangement was effected that year, 
between the Society and Government, whereby the salar- 
ies of those Missionaries already stationed in Nova Scotia, 
should be paid from the Parliamentary Grant during their 
lives, or while they remained in the Colony,* and the So- 
ciety accordingly transferred them, at the reduced rate of 
£150 per annum, to that fund, and at the same time dis- 
continued their allowance to Schoolmasters in Nova 
Scotia and New Brunswick. All Missionaries employed 
by the Society 6ince this arrangement, are to receive, it is 
understood, not more than £150 sterling f from its funds, 
and that a pension will be provided for the Widows of 
such Missionaries as die in the service of the Society. 

As far back as 1825, Government had contemplated the 
withdrawal of the Parliamentary grant, and as an equiva- 
lent then determined that one-seventh of all ungranted 
lands in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick should be set 
apart for the Church, and the Despatches to Sir James 
Kempt and Sir Howard Douglas, then Lieuetnant Govern- 
ors of those Provinces, contain instructions to that effect. 
Accordingly, grants of lands in both Provinces were from 
time to time made to the Church for glebes, etc M as Parish- 
es were formed and Churches built, in conformity with 
these and subsequent instructions on the subject. 

Immediately after the partial withdrawal of the Govern- 
ment grant, before referred to, a general aitack appears to 
have been made from several quarters, on the temporalities 
of the church throughout the whole of British North Atne- 



* The sum of £4000 was granted by Parliament in 1835, subject to a gra- 
dual diminution until it be extinguished by the death or removal of existing 
Incumbents. [Lord Howick's Letter— Pari. Estimates 1836. 

t The allowance from the Society latterly has not exceeded jE-75 tterling 
per annum, to each Missionary. 



rica. A project, emanating in England, was 1 iid before ihtt 
Legislatures of Upper and Lower Cauada, in 1834, for 
alienating the clergy reserves without stipulating for the 5 
application of any portion to the purposes for which they 
were set apart by the Act of Parliament* of 1791, or stipu- 
lating even for a nominal equivalent. Apprehensions were" 
at the same time entertained lest the church lands in New 
Brunswick would also share the same fate ; but after some 
negotiation, an assurauce was obtained from Government 
in the transfer of the Crown Lands to the Legislature of 
that Province, by a special reservation, in the surrender' 
of all lands previously allotted or promised by competent 
authority to the Church, followed by a confirmation under 
the Great Seal of the Province, of the Glebes then set 
apart in the several parishes. In Nova Scotia the Gover- 
nors of King's College were about the same time called 
upon by Lord Glenelg, then Secretary of State for the 
Colonies, to surrender their charter, without assigning any 
reason except the expediency of establishing a general 
seminary of education, for which a constitution was to be 
framed, and a site selected by the Assembly. In the 
Island of Prince Ed ward, t however, after repeated unsuc- 
cessful efforts, an act of the Legislature was obtained for 
selling the church and school lands throughout the Island. 
This act was passed in 1834, and contained a clause sus- 
pending its operation until His Majesty's consent should be 
obtained. In 13-36 Lord Glenelg sent it out confirmed, and 
the property was sold for £4000 currency, and the pro- 
ceeds applied to purposes unconnected with the church. 
These church lands consisted of about 130 acres, in every 
20,000 acres set apart in the year 1769, in each Township, 
us sites for churches and for glebe and school lots, and 



* Rep, S. P. G. 1837. Bishop of Montreal's Lelter to Societv. 1838. 
t Acts of p. E. Island, 1834. 



62 

ffntifi] therefore have scarcely been looked upon ns en im- 
pediment to the settlement of the country, as had been 
represented.* The claims of the Church for reparation of 
this injury, were soon after laid before Government by the 
Archbishop of Canterbury, and the proceeds of the sale of, 
the glebe lands restored to the Church, and constituted a 
fund for the support of Church of England Schools, under 
the direction of the Governor and the Bishop of the 
Diocese. 

The period between the year 1825 and 1338 was 
evidently characterized by rapid strides in the pro- 
grpss of the Church throughout the whole Diocese ; the 
clergy in five years had been nearly doubled, vacant mis- 
sions filled up, new ones established, congregations organ- 
ized, and churches built and in progress in every direction. 
The Bishop appears to have been indefatigable in his visi- 
tations, and the leports sent in by many of the missionaries 
exhibit such minute and satisfactory details as could only 
be obtained in a faithful discharge of their duty. 

Archdeacon Coster, iu an address delivered at Frederic- 
ton in 1836, says- " There are 80 parishes in New Bruns- 
wick ; and our Ecclesiasticaf Establishment consists of 28 
clergymen and 43 churches or chapels. But these 43 
churches are all contained in 36 parishes, several of which 
possess more than one church; 60 that there are still 44 
parishes, more tAan half of the whole number, without a 
church at this time. These 23 clergymen reside in 23 pa- 
rishes, some parishes having more than one, so that there 
are 57 parishes out of 80, more than two thirds of the 
whole number, without a resident clergyman of the Church 
of England. 1 do not say that there are so many without 
clerical care : for it is well known that most of the clergy 
have two or more parishes uuder their charge, and that 

* See Rep. S P. G. 



63 

-uey are continually obliged to go very far from thei r 
homes in the performance of their duty.' 5 * 

These difficulties were not confined to the Province of 
New Brunswick ; the parishes and missions throughout 
all parts of the Diocese being of ^reat extent the inhabit- 
ants have always been compelled to assemble for divine 
worship at many different places, to each of them therefore 
the Minister must attend it) his turn. But it is well known 
the great body of the Clergy in the British Provinces do 
not confine their attention to their respective parishes, but 
extend their labors to the surrounding districts, thinly set- 
tled, and without resident missionaries ; and in these duties,, 
performed often at great risk and labour, the missionary 
character of the North American Clergy is exhibited. f 

Though the temporalities of the Church were as- 
sailed in every direction, and the clergy in the poor 
districts called on to undergo many privations conse- 
quent on the reduction of their stipends, yet this was a 
time of revival in the Church throughout many parts of the 
Diocese. A spirit of piety and earnest desire for the salva- 
tion of souls, seems to pervude the missionary correspon- 
dence of this period, and no where more so than iu the 
Province of New Brunswick. 

Between May and Sept. 1842, the Bishop consecrated 2t 
churches in the Archdeaconry of New Brunswick ; he re- 
ported theclergy as zealously at work, and the Church So- 
ciety in a flourishing condition. " The state of things here, 
although not free from difficulties, was never before so 
prosperous as at this time." i 



* These portions of New Brunswick were supplied with Presbyterian and 
dissenting teachers, some of whom had veiy large congregations at thi* 
time. 

t Rep. S. P. G. 
| Rep. S. P. G. 



64 

During the visitations of the Bishop in 1842 and 3, 
throughout Nova Sootin, the Gulf Shore of New Bruns- 
wick and the Inland of Cape Breton, he consecrated 22 new 
churches, held 3 ordinations and 44 confirmations, in which 
1197 persons were confirmed. " I have" says he " been 
railed upon to perform Episcopal acts for the first time in 
no less than 22 places, separated from each other by hun- 
dreds of miles, in all of which new churches have been 
completed, or are in progress. It is my humble hope, as it 
has been my constant prayer, that in these efforts there has 
been fome blessing from the mercy of the Most jHigh, as 
well knowing that without such blessing all labour would 
be in vain. If God has been honoured even in the least 
degree, if the prosperity of the Church has been advanced 
f ven in the most limited measure, and if the salvation of 
even one immortal soul has been forwarded, I trust that I 
Bin prepared, in my inmost heart, to ascribe all to the 
glory and praise of His Hoiy Name." Again in Marc b 
1844, " The returns which I have just received from 14 of 
my clergy, which is less than one fifth of the whole number, 
contain a list of 1836 communicants; which lead me to 
hope tbat more than a sixth of our number of every age are 
communicant?."* 

The spiritual condition of Settlements scattered among 
the harbors eastward from Halifax, have of late been 
brought forcibly under the consideration of the Church. 
They had been visited frequently by travelling missiona- 
ries, between 1821 and 1832, and again in 1834, when a 
large number of young persons were prepared for Confirm- 
ation. In the following year, 12 Lay Readers, and 10 
Sunday Schools, were aiding the Missionary, t There 



* Report 1844. 

t Bishop'* Letter to Committee of Colonial Church Society, 1347 



65 

are now (1848) 4 Churches along this shore, ami 2 npw 
ones building— a resilient clergyman at Pope'** Harbor, 
about 45 miles from Halifax — and a travelling mission- 
ary paid by the Diocesan Church Society. This has also 
been the main field of the operations of the Colonial 
Church Society in Nova Scotia : their A^ent has made 
frequent visits to the Coast, and distributed great numbers 
of" books and tracts They have now several Schools 
in full operation, and a travelling catechist or lay read- 
er licensed by the Bishop, actively engaged along the 
Coast, and the Sunday Schools under his charge are both 
numerous and well sustained- From the scattered state of 
these settlements, (nearly all Protestant), and the totnl 
absence of road?, the services of five or fix Clergymen 
are absolutely necessary, that the offices of religion may 
be kept up. 

It may here be observed that about the year 1817, the 
Society for Promoting Christian. Knowledge began to ex- 
tend its usefulness in the North American Dioceses, by 
the formation of district committees in aid of its funds? 
and for the distribution of books and tracts by the Clergy. 
It has on several occasions placed sums of money a c 
the disposal of the Colonial Bishops in aid of the Cburcb 
and also made grants towards the support of Divinity 
Scholarships, at Windsor and elsewhere. Latterly, thin 
Society has acted with that for the Propagation of the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts, in making grants of money for 
the erection of Churches. 

In 1837, a Church Diocesan Society was established in 
Nova Scotia, with the direct object of raising Funds to be 
appropriated to the following purposes, viz : the supply of 
Books and Tracts— Missionary Visits to destitute Settle- 
ments — upholding the Collegiate Establishment at Wind- 
sor—assisting students requiring aid in pursuing their 
studies at Windsor for the Ministry of the Church— Aid to 



66 

Sunday and other Schools — Encouragement in the Insffur* 
lion and Training of respectable Teachers, and assistance 
to the erection or enlargement of Churches or Chapels in 
peculiar or extreme cases. During the first few years of 
the existence of this Society, though aided by a large 
Gra ^ from the Society for Propagating the Gospel, its 
means were very limited. Branch Societies, however, have 
now been formed in almost every part of theProvince, and 
i!s success is becoming morn apparent. Measures were pro- 
posed in 1846 for the Establishment of a Church School in 
each parish or mission in Nova Scotia, as circumstances 
should permit, and for the support of two travelling Mis- 
sionaries, at the r'te of £150 per annum. Messrs. For- 
syth and Breading have lately been ordained for that pur- 
pose, and are now prosecuting their labours as iiinerant 
Missionaries along the Atlantic Co-ist. The stale of the 
Funds of the Nova Scotia Diocesan Society, for the year 
1343, was as foilow*, viz :— • 

Expenditure, £927 I Receipt*, including Balance 

Do. for Books, 213 I from Inst year, - - - £1058. 

| Book Fund, 251. 

£1140. ■ 

£1309. 

It is much to be regretted that the sympathies of the 
wealthy have not yet, as in sDme of the neighboring Dio- 
ceses, been fairly enlisced in behalf of the Diocesan Society 
of Nova Scotia. Owing to the want of funds, the Central 
Committee, at their Meeting in March, 1847, were compel- 
led, in a great measure, to suspend their operations in aid of 
Cburcb Schools 

The Colonial Church Society have had an Agent in 
Nova Scotia for six or seven years engaged in distributing 
Bibles, Prayer-books, and Tracts, among the poor settlers, 
and have contributed towards the support of several ex- 
cellent Church Schools. Differences existing between the 



67 S 

Society and the Bishop, have prevented its going into full 
operation in this Diocese. The Society's agent was re- 
moved to the island of Prince Edward, in 1847, and an 
Association formed in Halifax, with a full determination 
of rendering the funds of the Society available for 
the establishment of Schools in connection with the 
Church of England throughout the Province.* This As- 
sociation has now seven Schoolmasters and seven Female 
Teachers in their employ, three of their Cntechists are 
licenced Lay Readers, and in P. E. Island there are also 
seven Schoolmasters and Catechists, including the general 
agent of the Society, 

In 1846, the Bisliop of Nova Scotia held a Visitation of 
his clergy, at Halifax, when there were upwards of thirty 
Clergymen present. Of this number, it is very remarkable 
that 26 were educated at Windsor College, and with a few 
exceptions received ordination at his hands. " Of the zeal 
and diligence and devotedness of the Missionaries general- 
ly," says the Bishop, " I am able to speak with great satis- 
faction and thankfulness, and also of the prosperity of the 
Church in most parts of the Diccese. I will hope that by 
the goodness of God a feeling is spreading among ail the 
members of our Communion, which is promoting more ex- 
ertions than have hitherto been made for the support of the 
Church and her Ministers. 

"I have finished 68 years, with less interruption from 
sickness than I might reasonably have expected : neither 
can I hope any longer to possess the strength and activity 
that belong to earlier years. I must pray for a ready mind 
and will to do the little which God may enable me to per- 
form in his service during the small remainder of my pil- 
grimage, and throw myself entirely on His mercy, [through 



* The Expeuditure of the Col. Church Saciety in Nova Scotia during ibe 
year 1848 wan £488 3b. 8d currency. 



68 

the adorable Saviour and Redeemer, for all omissions, im. 
perfections and short-comings, with earnest prayer, that 
His name may be continually glorified by the prosperity of 
His Church, and the sanctification of all her members."* 

Part of the summer of 1847 was spent by the Bishop in 
Prince Edward's Island, where he held an Ordination, the 
first on the part of the Church of England, ever solemnised 
in the Island. He found several Churches, without resi- 
dent Clergymen, and expressed an opinion to the Society 
that five Missionaries, at least, were required tosupply the 
immediate wants of the Island. 

The lamented death of the Rev. Willam Cogswell, and 
the recent erection of a spacious Chapel at Halifax, ren- 
dered the services of additional Clergymen, necessary in 
the Parish of St. Paul's, in that city. The Rev. William 
Bullock, Rector of Digby, and the Rev. Robert Arnold, 
late Principal of the Halifax Grammar School, have been, 
accordingly, appointed Assistant Ministers to the Archdea- 
con. 

The returns of the Clergy to the Bishop in the year 1S46 
show a total of 3238 members of the Communion. Three 
or four Missionaries in JN ova Scotia, and two in Prince 
Edward Island, made no returns, owing, no doubt, to un- 
avoidable circumstances, consequently the total number of 
communicants in the Diocese, at this-time, may be fairly 
stated at 8500. 

In viewing the state of the Cburcfc throughout this Dio- 
cese, it is evidant to every observer that its growth has 
fully kept pace with that of the country. Its local resour- 
ces, though small, and derived chiefly from the contribu- 
tions of the poor, have been steadily augmenting, and the 
great increase of communicants throughout the Province, 
affords the best test of its vitality. ^ 

• Bep. 1816. 



69 

DXOCUSE OF IS&WIL SCOTIA, 



Population of the Diocese estimated at 300,000— members oftlu 
Church of England one fifth of the whole. 



Bishop.— The Right Rev, and Hon. JOHN INGLIS, D. D. 

Archdeacon ofJVova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. — Ven- 
erable Robert Willis, D. D. 

Ecclesiastical Commissary at Prince Edward Island. — Revs 
L. Jenkins, D. B. 



\ 


RETURNS IN 1846. 








SB 




CO CO 


3 


Eg 

O 
C 






o 




.2 S 


a 


o 


RECTOR OR MISSIONARY. 


PARISH 

OR 


p 


CO 

C 

o 




o 
O 


50 




MISSION. 


"S 


"5 




o 


~ 






cy 


c5 




CO CO 


P 

CO 






_o 


«j 


IS v 




5+H 

o 






P 


73 


o *■' 


=3 « 


6 






S 


o 


H 


fc 


la; 


Ven. *Robert Willis, x>. d. Rector. 


Halifax. 










i 


Rev. William Bullock, Curate. 


St. Paul's 


3 




850 


350 


i 


,, Robert Arnold, a b. Curate. 














iy *R. F. Uniacke, a. m Rector. 


St. Geo.'s 


2 




800 


300 


3 


„ George W. Hill, a. b. Curate. 














„ J T. Twining, d. d. Garrison 














' Chaplain. 














„ Edwin Gilpin, a. b. Gram- 














mar School. 














,, *James C. Cochran, a. m. 


Lunenburg. 


4 


10 


1200 


260 


2 


„ *Alfred Gilpin, a. m. 


Windsor. 


o 




175 


50 


1 


„ W. C. King, a. m. Retired. 














,, George M'Cauley, d. d. Pre- 














sident King's College. 














„ B. Smith, a. m. Vice Prest. 














„ — Mulholland, Pr. Gr. Schl. 














„ *Edwin Gilpin, a. m. 


Annapolis. 


4 




300 


109 




„ — Jarvis, Curate. 














„ Thomas Maynard, a. b. 


Digby. 


6 


7 


650 


140 


3 


„ C. M. Hill, a. b. Curate. 














„ *Thomas B. Rowland, Li. l. d. 


Shelburne. 


2 


S 


fl50 


104 


2 


„ *Thomas White, a. b. 















*Tbe salaries of those Ministers marked * are paid from the Gov't. Grant. 
tii Parish Church alone. 



70 



RECTOR OR MISSIONARY. 









£ c 


.J, 


:/J 








o 


a 













3 


c 




o 

•-> 




c.2 


a 


o 

>> 


PARISH 


3 




if) o 


U 


■a 


OR 


a 


c 


&5 


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4 


MISSION. 







c.2r 


c 






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r 5 a I »M . 


9 




-2 
£ 




r3 ^ 


S ea 

3 ° 


c 
o 




S3 


O 




a 


^ 



Rev.* John Storrs, a. b. 

,, William B. King, a. m. 

H C. J. Shreve, a. b. 

„ William Thos. Morris, a. b. 
„ *J. M. Campbell, a. m. 

„ W. H. Snyder, a b. 

„ *George W. Morris, a. m. 

„ James Stewart, a. b. Curate 

„ William Taylor, a. b. 



Cornwallis 
& Horton 
Parrsboro'. 
Guysboro'. 
Manchester 
Granville. 
Weymouth. 
Dartmouth. 



Rawdon & 
Douglass. 

H. L. Owen, a. m. Ay lesion). 

John Moody, a. m. I Yarmouth. 

Mames Shreve, d. d. [Chester. 

G. M'Cauley,D. d. officiating. (Falmouth. 
Richard J. Uniacke, a. b. | Newport 
A. W. Millidge, a. b. 



Ed. B. Nicholls, a. b. 

George Townsend, a. m. 

Thomas Leaver, a. b. 

Richard Avory, 
♦Charles Elliott, a. b. 
* James Robertson, a. m. 

John Stannage. 
William M. Godfry, a. b. 
♦Archibald Gray, a. b. 
Robert Jemmison, 

James Brading,trav. mission'y 
Jas. Forsyth, Travelling Mis. 
J. W. Weeks, a. b. 
R. F. Brine, a. b. Assistant, 
Philip Filleul,A. b. 
*James A. Shaw, 
Charles Ingles, a. b. 
W. Y. Porter, visiting miss'y. 
Vacant, 



Antigonish 
&Dorchstr 

Liverpool. 

Amherst. 

Truro. 

Pugwash. 

Pictou. 

Bridgetown 
& Wilmot 

StMarg Bay 

Clements. 

Sackville. 

Eas. Shore, 
B'vrHarbr 

Eas. Shore. 

Wes. Shore 

NewDublin 

MahoneBay 
ArichatCB 
Sydney, CB 
CapeBret'n 
Syd'yMines 



10 



3! 2 

2! 



250 

400 

f200 

550 
300 
450 



400 
f80 
230 
900 
60 
fl30 

160 
700 
330 

280| 



450 
500 



220 
656 



6 601 



n 







CD 




.2 c 

o 
en "m 

c .E2 


"3 

3 

a 


V. 

O 

Si 

o 






p 




■ss 


a 

o 


CO 






5 






O 


cd 


RECTOR OR MISSIONARY. 


PARISH 


o 


91 

ES 

O 


CD O 

Sb-£ 


o 


*3 




OR 

MISSION. 


o 




c .2 

O {_ 




| 






3 


m 


p^ 


3 s 


CO 






s 


CD 


r- 1 0) 


s « 


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3 


pQ 


o "*" J 


3 W o I 






!Z 


5 !F- 


15 |fe 


Rev. Louis C. Jenkins, d. d. ) Pr.Ed.Isiand. 










F 


,, D. Fitzgerald, Assistant, J 


Charlottetn 


1 




800 


200 


1 


„ Charles Lloyd, a. b. 


Milton and 














Rustico. 


2 


1 


280 


42 


1 


„ Meyrick Lally, 


Geo. Town 
& Cherry 














Vallev. 


2 




185 


40 


1 


„ Abraham V.G.WiggiriSjD.c.L.ISI 


1 




125 


55 


1 


„ W. H. Cooper, a. b. 


Port Hill. 












„ F.Reed, - - - £ 

V^vvvvV¥VV«riVNA<vvvv<,vvvviv»»»vvvvvv 


Westmore- 












landHar.br 


1 


3 


.20.0 2§ 2 

»4fVWV"WWW>»>» 



7* 



CHAPTER lit. 

DIOCESE OF QUEBEC, 

The See of Quebec was established in the year 1795, 
and Dr. Jacob Mountain consecrated Bishop, with Episco - 
pal jurisdiction over the Provinces of Upper and Lower 
Canada. . 

From 175&, when these Provinces fell under British 
rule, to the year 17S0, no step appears to have been taken 
on the part of the mother country towards the establish* 
ment of the National Church in Canada beyond the ap- 
pointment of military chaplains, who, while resident in 
the country, appear to have officiated occasionally to the 
English congregations at Montreal and Quebec. 

The Rev. John Ogilvie, a graduate of Vale College, 
Connecticut, had been appointed in 1748, by the Society 
for Propagating the Gospel, their missionary to the Mo- 
hawk Indians in the Province of New York. * He accom- 
panied the army to Canada, and was at the taking of Fort 
Niagara in 1759. The Mohawks were upon this service, 
and almost all the Six Nations, amounting to 940 men. 
Mr. Ogilvie officiated constantly as their chaplain ; great 
numbers attended on his ministry with regularity and de- 
cency, and the sacrament of baptism was frequently admin. 



* Original Letters S. F. G. vol. 19, referred to in Hawkins' Mission of tb« 
Ofcartlb 



73 

Btered by him to adu Its among the more intelligent 
Indians. * 

The French Jesuits at this time bad priests among al? 
the Indian Nations, from Canada to the Mississippi, and 
were supplied with decent places of worship, a shameful 
contpast to the apathy and indifference of British Protest^ 
ants, and " the Indians themselves," says Mr. Ogilvie, 
" were not wanting in making pertinent reflections on the 
inattention of Protestants on these points ." f Sometime 
after the conquest of Canada, Dr. Ogilvie was stationed ai 
Quebec as chaplain to the 60th regiment, where he resided 
four years. He is represented to have there established 
numerous congregations, and to have made many converts 
from the Church of Rome. J After his removal, these 
flourishing congregations were permitted to dwindle away. 
While at Montreal, in 1763, he brought forcibly before the 
notice of the Society, by letter, the state of the 
Church in that part of Canada ; but the consideration of 
the subject was deferred at the time, owing probably to 
the limited means then at the disposal of the Society. In 
1769, we find the Rev. Chabrand Delisle, chaplain to the 
garrison at Montreal, writing to the Society for the 
Propagation of the Gospel, when he takes occasion to 
mention that the Roman priests availed themselves greatly 
of the neglected state of the Church of England in 
Canada, persuading the people that the English had not 
religion so much at heart as they. He was destitute of a 
place of worship, and was forced to officiate in the Hospi- 
tal chapel. His baptisms were 59 children and one adult, 

• Mr. Ogilvie is said to have been well qualified for the duty at Albany from 
his acquaintance wiih the Dutch language. The Six Nations had been more 
or less under the care of Episcopal missionaries since' the commencement of 
the last century. The Society P. G, had, in 1704, a missionary with the 
Iroquois Indians, and in 1712 one to the Mohawks, from which time those 
Indian Nations have continued under their spiritual care. 

I Reports 1761- Dr. Ogilvie'* Letter to S. P. G. in 1760, referred to is 
Hawkins' Missions, p. 288, 

t Report S. I\G., 1783. 



n 

and two Germans and ons Canadian had made their recan- 
tations that year. 

In 1781, there were upwards of 6000 Protestants in Can- 
ada, and not one clergymen of the Church of England, or 
sny provision for one, and but four foreign divines, paid by 
Government* for the French Protestants.* This year, Col. 
Claus, of Montreal, began to interesc himself in the spread 
of the Gospel in Canada, and particularly on behalf of the 
Indians. He undertook to translate the prayer book and 
primer into the Iroquois language, at the request of the 
Mohawks themselves, then lately removed from NewYork 
to Canada. During the summer of 1782, he distributed 
250 of his prayer books and as many primers, among the 
Indians of the Six Nations then collected at Niagara, t In 
consequence of a number of Indian converts having de- 
manded baptism, the Society for Propagating the Gospel 
sent them the Rev. John Stuart, formerly Missionary at 
Fort Hunter in the Province of New York. Mr. Stuart 
came over in 1784, and shortly after with the assistance of 
Mr. Vincent, the Mohawk schoolmaster, prepared a trans- 
lation of St. Matthew's gospel in the Mohawk language | 
Mr. S. was afterwards appointed to Kingston, with the 
care of the Mohawk Churches, and continued faithfully 
and zealously employed until his death, which took place 
'.n 1S12. He is justly designated the father of the church 
jti Upper Canada. Mr. Doty, another loyalist clergyman, 
from New York, settled himself about the same time as a 
missionary of the Society at Sorel, where he remained sev- 
eral years, and was the first to organize the Church in that 
part of Canada. In 1787, Mr. Langhorn was sent out by 

• There may have been one or two Presbyterian Clergymen in Qotbec or 
Montreal at this time. 

t Report S. P. G. 1783. 

X Joseph Brant, a Mohawk Chief, translated greater part of the New Teeta- 
ment into the Mohawk language, in 1776. 



75 

the Society as itinerant missionary in the townships, and 
afterwards stationed at Ernst Town. 

At the time of the Bishop's appointment, there were but 
six resident Clergymen of the Church in all Canada, and 
about the same number of Churches. Mr. Tunstall was 
assistant at Montreal, Mr. Langborn and Mr. Addison 
were stationed at Ernst Town and Niagara. In 1795, Mr. 
J. Mountain was sent to Three Rivers as assistant mission- 
ary, and in 1803, Mr. Tunstal, who had been at Dunham, 
was again removed to Montreal, and Mr.Doty resigned the 
mission at William Henry Town, and was succeeded by 
Mr. Rudd, from Cornwall, and the Mission at Cornwall 
filled up by Mr. Strachan, whom the Bishop of Quebec or- 
dained for that purpose. 

At the commencement of the present century, the Indian 
missions had ceased to be in a prosperous condition, and 
the schoolmaster at Bay Quinte had been dismissed. Dr. 
Stuart, in his letter to the Society, at this time, laments the 
condition of the Indian missions, and the want of a resident 
missionary, 4 whose time could be wholly devoted to the 
Mohawk Churches. Mr. Stuart was succeeded by his son, 
the Rev. George Okill Stuart, then missionary at Little 
York, and Dr. Strachan appointed in his place. These 
appointments took place in 1812. 

The attention of the Society had been called by the 
Bishop, in 1800, to the settlements in the neighbourhood 
cf Missisquoi Bay, where there were at the time from 
twelve to fifteen hnndred Protestant inhabitants. An 
allowance of one hundred pounds per annum was ob- 
tained from Government for a Minister at St. Armand and 
Dunham, where Churches were soon erected. The Rev # 
R. Q. Short having been inducted by the Governor, the 
Society placed his name on their list of missionaries, with a 
salary of £50 per annum. In 1807, the Hon. C. J.Stewart 



• Mr. Addison occasional!/ visited the Mohawk Churches, 



76 

was appointed to St. Armand, with the like salary. These 
Government allowances have been continued to the present 
time.* 

The erection of a Cathedral at Quebec occupied the 
attention of toe Bishop for several years. He succeeded 
in completing the edifice in 1804, and it wao opened for 
consecration in the month of August of that year. 

The names and stations of the Clergy of the Diocese, iu 
the year 1815, were as follows : — 

Dr. Jacob Mountain, Lord Bishop of Quebec ; Dr. 
Mountain, Official of Lower Canada, and Rector of Christ 
Church, Montreal ; S. J. Mountain, Rector of Quebec 
J. L. Mills, Evening Lecturer and Chaplain to the Forces ' 
R. Q. Short, Rector at Three Rivers; John Jackson; 
Rector of Christ Church, William Henry ; Hon. C. J. 
Stewart, Rector of St. Armand ; Charles C. Cotton, 
Rector of Dunham, Missisquoi Bay ; Richard Bradford, 
Rector of Chatham ; G. O. Stuart, Official of Upper 
Canada, and Rector of Kingston ; Robert Addison, Rector 
of Niagara, and Indian Churches; John Bethune* Rector 
of Elizabeth Town and Augusta ; Dr. John Strachan, 
Rector of York ; John G. Weageant, Rectorof Williams" 
burgh ; Dr. Devereaux Baldwin, Rector of Cornwall' 
R. Pollard, at Ernst Town ; Sandwich, vacant ; Mr. Jen- 
kins and Mr. Norris, Chaplains to the Forces. 

In the Spring of 1814, the Bishop visited the Western 
part of his Diocese, and in 1816 the Eastern Townships 
and other parts of Lower Canada, inspecting and confirm- 
ing the Churches. The same year, Dr. Strachan, of York- 
paid a visit to the Indians at Grand River, where he bap- 
tised 74 persons, and extended his visits to the settlements 
of Lake Erie. From this period to the year 1825, tha 
Hon. and Rev. C. J. Stewart, visiting missionary, had re- 
peatedly traversed the Eastern Townships, and occasion- 

* See Appendix. 



ally extended his journies to the extreme limits of Upper 
Canada. The extraordinary labours of this pious missionary 
hold out to the Church a bright example of that love which 
" hopeth all things and never faileth." For eighteen years 
ha carried the word of life to the poor settler in his distant 
forest home, cheerfully performing the most difficult and 
fatiguing journies, exposed to all the vicissitudes of the 
climate, and the scanty accommodation of a wilderness 
country, esteeming no privations too severe to be borne in 
his Master's service. Possessed of a small private fortune, 
he devoted all his means beyond that which a most frugal 
establishment called for, to the advancement of religion' 
and frequently made collections among his personal friends 
in England for the same purpose. These resources, in ad- 
dition to the funds furnished to the Diocese by the Society 
for Propagating the Gospel, enabled him to erect many 
Churches in the poor districts ; and he may be regarded as 
in a great measure the founder of a large proportion of the 
buildings now dedicated to Almighty God in the Canadas.* 
" The Churches of which be procured the erection, the 
congregations which he formed, the happy change which 
be was often the instrument of effecting in the habits of the 
people," says the Bishop of Montreal, "are the witnesses of 
his acceptance among them, and the monuments of his Suc- 
cess." f 

In 1822 or 3, Mr. Stewart visited the Mohawk Indians, 
when he found "their moral condition lamentably bad, 
the occaeional visits of one missionary not being sufficient 
to produce lasting or efficient effects." These Indiana 
formerly possessed lands on the Mohawk river in the 
State of New York, from whence they removed to Canada, 
and their descendants are now principally settled in the 
heart of the country, on Grand River and at Bay Quinte 
In the church, at the former place, and at the village of the 

*Rep. S. P. G. t Bishop of Montreal's Letter to S. P. G. 1836. 



78 

Tuscarones, the service had been performed formanyyears 
in the Mohawk language, every Sunday, but the persona 
who read it had not always been exemplary charac- 
ters, which induced the Bishop to solicit the Society for 
Propagating the Gospel to send an assistant missionary to 
the Indian settlements. Mr. Stewart, at this time, also 
paid a visit to the Moravian village of Delaware Indians, 
on the river Thames, where he preached. " From the 
information I have received, I am persuaded," says he, 
that "many of thenf-jre serious Christians, and lead a 
righteous life." Again in the year 1825, he performed a 
most arduous journey through the Archdeaconries of York 
and Kingston, visiting the St. Regis Indians and also the 
Mohawk Churches, where he administered the Lord's Sup* 
per to 24 communicants,* baptised a number of children 
and several adults, and made arrangements in a council of 
chiefs for the erection of a parsonage for their minister. 
Mr. Hough, their missionary, estimated the number of the 
Indians at this time, on the Grand river, at 2000. More 
than one-half were in a heathen state. They bad five 
schoolmasters, 3 of whom were paid by theNew Eng.Com* 
pany, one by the Indian Department, and one by the Society 
for Propagating the Gospel. One ol these schools was 
superintended by the Wesleyan Methodists, the others 
were under the care of the Episcopal missionary.! 

The circumstances of the Diocese of Quebec at this 
period were supposed to be particularly favorable to the 
spread of the Church. The rapid flow of emigration pro- 
ducing combinations of different religious sects from all 
parts of the United Kingdom, in a strange land, appeared 
to weaken the prejudices in favor of particular religious 

♦The service was performed on this occasion in the Old Mohawk Church 
and the communion plate used was that presented by Queen Anne. It wai 
saved when their church was burned during the American revolutionary war. 

tflee Mr. Hough's letter in the Report of the Soeiety for 1828. Alio, Bishop 
Stewart's Report of his visit. 



79 

systems. This was evinced by the numerous applications 
made at the time to the Bishop for spiritual assistance, in 
l he new settlements, acompanied by expressions of earnest 
wish to be united to the Church. * 

Dining the Episcopate of Bishop Mountain, the number 
of the Clergy of the Diocese had been augmented through 
the bounty of Government, and aid from the Society. 
from 6 to upwards of 60, and a corresponding number of 
Churches erected. The rapid growth of the Eastern 
townships, and the progress of colonization in Upper Ca- 
nada, had so increased the population that the demand for 
Clergymen for many years far exceeded the means at the 
command of the Bishop to answer them. Societies had 
been formed, however, in both Provinces, and funds raised 
for the building of Churches. In 1826, the fnnds at the 
disposal of the Upper Canada Society amounted to £2200, 
and the various sums placed at the disposal of the Bishop 
foy the Society for Propagating the Gospel to £1316. 

The death of Bishop Mountain took place in 1825, and 
the same year the tlon. Dr. Stewart t was called upon to 
fill the vacant see. Nearly twenty years spent in the toils 
of missionary life, had eminently qualified himffor the im- 
portant duty of presiding over a Missionary Church. We 
find the Bishop availing himself of the earliest opportunity 
of pressing on the Society the necessity of renewing the 
appointment of a travelling missionary. " It is not 
enough," he says, " that the services of the person who 
may be appointed to fill it should at all times be disposable, 
he must possess an intimate acquaintance with the counry 
and with the habits of the people." 

Bishop Stewart, during the summer of 182G, visited a 
great part of the two extensive Provinces under his phar.gr, 

*Ttie Bishop's Letter to the Society in 1823. 

t Bishop Stewart was the' fifth son of John, seventh Earl of Galloway, a 
•Scotch I j eer. He died, unmarried, in 1837, in the 62d year of his age. 



80 

and entered into a close examination of their religious 
state. Bifove leaving Quebec, he held a confirmation, 
^here 203 candidates were presented. At Montreal he ad- 
ministered the rite of confirmation to 28£, many of whom 
were advanced in years. In Upper Canada the number 
confirmed was about 490. The next visitation was that of 
1823, when the returns made by the Clergy of the number 
of communicants, in their respective parishes and missions, 
were again, as in 1823, defective; 34 missionaries, (about 
one-half of the Clergy,) having made no returns under that 
bead. 

The names and stations of the Clergy of the Diocese »f 
Quebec, in 1833, were as follows, viz r — 

Ven. G. J. Mountain, D. D., Archdeacon and Rector of 
Quebec; Rev. £. SeWefl, Minister of Trinity Chapel, Que- 
bec ; R. R-Burridge, Minister to Protestant settlements in 
parts adjacent to Quebec, Master of Grammar School and 
Garrison Chaplain j J. Brown, Evening Lecturer ; R* 
J. Short, Assistant Minister, and A. Norrrnn, missionary 
to settlements adjacent ; J. L. Alexander, Leeds ; S. S. 
Wood, A. M. Rector of Three Rivers ; A. Ainslie, Ber- 
thier, etc ; G. M. Ross, Rector, Drummondville, etc. ; 
J. Bsthune, Rector of Montreal; B. B. Stevens, A.M., 
Evening Lecturer and Chaplain to the Forces; A. F. At- 
kinson, Assistant officiating at Laprairie ; James Ramsay, 
Master of School; E. Boswell, Assistant, and officiating 
at Lachine ; J. Jacteson, Rector William Henry ; T. 
Johnson, Abbotsford ; J. Braithvvaite, Rector, Chambly - 
W. D: Baldwin, A. M., Rector, St. John's ; J. Cochrane, 
Assistant, L'Acadie, etc. ; Maciah Townsend, Rector, 
Cauldwell Manor ; R. Whitwell, St. Armand West ; J. 
Reid, St Armand East ; C. C. Cotton, Rector, Dunham ; 
D. Robertson, Stanbridgo ; G. Salmon, Sheffurd ; J. E. 
Barton: A. B., Kilkenny, Rawdon, etc. ; W. Abbott, Rec- 



61 

Star, St. Andrews ; Joseph Abbott, A.M. Grenville, etc. ; 
A. H. Berwell, Hull ; J. Leeds, Goteau-du-lac ; J, T iy- 
for, Eitoi ; C. Ja^k3on, Hartley ; C 0. Fle^iming, Ship- 
ton j W. Arnold, and J. S. Tuzo, Gaspe, etc ; — — 

Sberbrooke ,* L. Doolittle, Bay ChaSeurs. 

Upper Canada. — The Hon. and Yen. John Strachan, 
Arehd'n. of York and Rector ; J. Hudson, Assistant ; P-P. 
Mayerhoffer, and G.Mortimer, A.M. Markhum andVaugh- 
«n ; J. McGrath, Toronto ; A. Elliot, Travelling Mis- 
sionary ; R. Leeming, March and Huntley ; J. Miller* 
Ancaster ; A. Palmer, A. B., Guelpb, etc. ; R. Lugger, 
from the New England Company, and A. Nelles, Mission- 
aries to the Six Nations on Grand River ; T. Creen, Ni- 
agara ; G. R. F. Grout, Grimsby ; W. Leeming, Chippe- 
wa, etc. ; J. Anderson, Fort Erie ; James Clarke, St* 
Catharine's ; Mark Burnham, A. B , St. Thomas's ; 
Francis Evans, Woodhouse ; B. Cronyn, London ; D. E. 
Blake, A. M. Adelaide; R. Rolph, Amhersiburg ; VV. 
Johnston, Sandwich ; Thomas Morley, Chatham ; Alex- 
ander N. Bethune, (Bishop's Chaplain), Coburgh ; James 
Coughlan, A. B. Port Hope; Joseph Thompson and Sam- 
uel Armour, Cavanj H.R De'Olier, Peterborough; G. O- 
Stuart, L. L. D., Archdeacon, Kingston ; R. D. Cart- 
wright, Assistant, Kingston ; J. Stoughton and Paul Sher- 
ley, Ernesttowu and Bath; J. Deacon, Adolphus Town; 
Thomas Campbell, Belleville; John Grier, Murray; Win 
Macauley, Hollowell ; Salter Gevens, Mohawk Mission, 
Bay Quinte; Michael Harris, A. M. Bath; R. Flood' 
Beckwith; Robert Short, Richmond; J. Pedfield, March 
and Huntley; E. Denrocbe, Brockville; WrnH. Gunning, 
A. M., Young, &c.; Robert Blackey, Prescolt; Henry 
Patton, Oxford; J. G. B. Lindsay, Matilda; J. G. Wea- 
gant, Williamsburgh; Fredk. Mack, Osnabruck; G. Arch- 
bold, Cornwall, &c ; R. Harte and E. J. Boswell, Mission- 
aries whose stations were not assigned. 



82 

Of the Clergy in Lower Canada, 22 were wholly, and 6 
in part paid by the Society for Pr jpagating the Gospel in 
Foreign Parts. Most of them were at the time serving two 
congregations, which was ako the case in Upper Cana- 
da. No less than 27 new Churches, in varions parts of the 
diocese, bad, within a few years, received aid from the fund 
in the Bishop's bands. There were at this time 26 cate- 
chists in Canada, with stipends from the Society: the effect 
produced by the employment of these persons was repre- 
sented by the Bishop as highly beneficial. The funds 
raised in the Diocese for the support of the Church were 
also very considerable. In the year 1830, a Society was 
formed at York, Upper Canada, for the support of an ad- 
ditional travelling missionary, to visit the more destitute 
settlements of that Province, and within a few years after 
they were enabled to send a missionary among the Indians. 

Tbe summer of 1833 was spent by the Bis'aop of Que- 
bec in Upper Canada, his correspondence with the society, 
containing the particulars of his visitations, conclude thus: 
•• The prodigious extent of my Diocese, the rapid increase 
of the Protestant population — their destitution, where 
everything is new, of all regular provision for the means of 
grace, and the inadequacy of our resources to supply tbem, 
render it altogether no light or easy task to administer the 
charge committed to my hands, and I feel that I should be 
wholly unable to sustain the burden if I trusted in any 
other sufficiency than that which is derived from the mercy 
and grace of God." 

The continued ill-health of Bishop Stewart, whose con" 
stitution had been shaken under the fatigues and privations 
borne in his missionary tours, rendered him incapable of 
performing the more arduous duties of his charge. The 
Ven. Archdeacon George J. Mountain was accordingly, in 
1836, consecrated Bi3hop of Montreal, to divide with him 



83 

she labours of the Diocesa, and in the event of surviving 
faim to assume the Episcopal jurisdiction of the whole.* 

An apprehension of a withdrawal of the Government 
Grant to the Society for Propagating the Gospel, in aid of 
the Church in the Colonics, about this time, produced a 
lengthy correspondence on the subject between the Colo- 
nial Bishops and the Society, particularly in Canada, 
where the demand for increased exertions was so pressing 
that the withdrawal of funds to any considerable amount 
placed tha Church in imminent peril. Arrangements, 
however, were effected between Government and the So- 
ciety, by which the application of sums arising from 
Colonial resource?, including the Clergy Reserves, amount- 
ing to £7060 per annum, was made to the purposes of the 
Church in Upper Canada, and part of New Brunswick, 
while the Society in consideration of this undertaking, con- 
sented to appropriate annually from its funds £10,2S5 for 
payment of the salaries of the then existing missionaries 
in Lower Canada, part of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, 
Vrince Edward Island, etc., and pensions to those mission- 
aries and their widows, f 

The Clergy Reserves in Upper Canada were now yield- 
ing £6000 per annum, and increasing every year, and a 
large number of the Clergy receiving their incomes in 
whole or part from the fund, while the produce of the re- 
serves in Lower Canada was so scanty that no application 
of them had yet been made towards the support of the 
Church. 

The following extracts from the energetic appeal of the 
Bishop of Montreal to the Society, dated March, 1336, on 

* The revenues of the Bishopric of Montreal consists of an annual grant 
from Parliament of„£l000 sterling, (the same as that made to the Roman 
Catholic Bishop in Lower Caimua.) His Lordship is also Rector of Quebec, 
and holds the office of Archdeacon, to which there is attached an annual al- 
lowance of <£5C0 sterling. See Gov't. Estimated. 

t Report S. P. G. 

8* 



&4 

the subject of the withdrawal of the Government grant, 
End the measures then before the Colonial Legislatures to 
divert from their original purpose the Clergy Reserves, 
afford a lively picture of the state of the Church in the dis- 
tant settlements of Lower Canada, and a testimony to the 
exertionj and sufferings of the Clergy in the discharge of 
their ministerial duties. 

"It is indeed difficult to suppose that the Clergy would 
have persevered in the fatigues and exertions which, in 
numerous instances, they have undergone, unless they had 
been stimulated at once by experiencing a desire on the 
part of the people for their ministrations, and a hope in 
their own breasts, from what they had been permitted to 
effect, that the Divine blessing was with them in their work^ 

" I could furnish multiplied details of this nature, which 
have been little known to the world, and which, on tha 1 
very account, are the moro valuable, as being exempted 
from all suspicion of parade. I leave them under the veil 
as it regards the names j but since the Society have been 
sometimes reproached with a presumed character of inert- 
ness attaching to the Clergy of Canada, and since that 
bounty, which is so greatly needed from the British pub- 
lic, is proportioned to the estimate formed of its profitable 
application, I cannot forbear from adverting to a very few 
simple facts, as examples of the statements which mi»ht 
be put forth in recommendation of the Canadian Church. 
I do not, of course, mean that the labours of ail the Clergy 
are in accordance with the picture which f proceed to 
sketch— seme arc, from situation, not exposed to any ne- 
cessity for hardships or severe exertions j and it must be 
expected to happen that some should be less devoted than 
others to the cause of Christ ; but not to speak of the epis- 
copal labours which, from the prominent situation of those 
vrho have successively discharged them, are of necessity 



S5 

better known, I could mention such recurrences, as that 
a Clergyman, upon a circuit of duty, has passed twelve 
nights in the open air. six in boats upon the water, and 
six in the depths of the trackless forest with Indian guides; 
and a Deacon, making bis insolitos nisus when scarcely 
fledged, as it were, for the more arduous flights of duty? 
has performed journeys of 120 miles in the midst of winter 
upon snow-shoes. I could tell how some of these poor ill- 
paid servants of the Gospel have been worn down in 
strength before their time ai: remote and laborious stations. 
I could give many a history of persevering travels in the 
ordinary exercise of ministerial duty, in defiance of diffi- 
culties and accidents, through woods and roads almost im- 
practicable, and in all the severities of weather ; or of 
rivers traversed amidst masses of floating ice, when th© 
experienced canoe-men would not have proceeded without 
being urged. I have known one minister Bleep all night 
abroad, when there was snow upon the ground. I have 
known others answer calls to a sick bed, at the distance of 
fifteen or twenty miles in the wintry woods ; and others 
who have travelled ail night to keep a Sunday appoint- 
ment, after a call of this nature on the Saturday. These 
are things which have been done by the Clergy of Lower 
Canada, and in almost every single instauce which has 
been here given by Missionaries of the Society for the Pro. 
pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. I could mention 
the number of preaching stations which are served by 
some of the clergy, or of week-day services which they 
constantly perform ; and if I were to advert to the style of 
preaching which characterises our clergy in Canada, I 
could affirm my belief that no unprejudiced person could 
deny to them, as a body, the credit of setting forth Christ 
crucified among their people. But although no man 
shall stop me of this same confident boasting, when once 



86 

compelled to become a fool in glorying on bahalf of ray 
brethren, yet the chief object of my anxiety is to draw 
soma favorable attention to the unprovided condition of 
many settlements, which may not always comprehend any 
considerable number of settlers, but which, if their spirit- 
ual destitution were not a sufficient plea, are the begin- 
nings of a great and even now a rapidly growing popula- 
tion, — dependent, in all human calculation, upon the reli- 
gious advantages enjoyed by the present settlers, for the 
mora! character which they will exhibit, the habits which 
they will cultivate, and the faith which they will follow. 
The stream, in all its progressive magnitude, may be ex- 
pected to preserve the tincture which it receives." 

After a most interesting detail of the state of the Pro- 
testant settlements in the diocese, and some observations 
on the then precarious state of the Church's resources ill 
Canada, the Bishop concludes thus: — " We are indeed 
well assured that God will never desert any portion of that 
Church which he has purchased with his blood ; and we 
bumbly trust, that to whatever extent we might be strip- 
ped, we might be found able, through the spirit shed down 
upon us, to show that spoliatis arma supersunt. The 
Clergy of the Canadas, wielding the " sword of the Spirit, 
and having "put on the whole armour of God/' will be able 
" to stand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand." 
Were they reduced to that condition in which they would 
be called upon to apply the maxim of primitive times, that 
preces lacrymae sunt arma ecclesiae, the prayer would be 
the prayer of faiib, and their weeping would be for the 
dishonored but sacred cause, which is dear to their souls. 
Were they not only to see, but to feel the effects of violent 
perverting of judgment and justice in a province, they 
would know that they are not to wonder at the matter, and 
would patiently abide the storm commissioned to burst 



87 

upon their devoted heads. Bat their position is not surh 
that they iiave only to mourn over th? depressed interests 
confided to them, and to endure ths reverses to which 
they are exposed ; they have a duty to perform in seeking 
both succcur and redress. Too happy shall I be if, as 
their representative while in this country, I can contribute, 
however humbly, to the attainment of these ends ; too 
thankful if permitted to aid in setting the case of the Cana- 
dian Church in sufficient strength before the public, and to 
excite an interest which, under the Divine blessing, shall 
revive her hope, and enable her to extend her usefulne** 
more in proportion to the wants of her people, so that tsfip. 
may effectually take root in the land, and vigorously 
'* stretch out her branches unto the sea, and her boughs wito 
the river." 

" The demand for the ministration of the Church of Eng- 
land in the Canadas, has been constantly progrfssive 
; eince the date of the Conquest ;" " I am in possesion of 
abundant documents to show that the applications to the 
Bishops for Ministers during all this period have far ex- 
ceeded the means at their command to answer them ; ami 
that °,ven on the part of religious bodies, not originally 
.episcopal, there has existed in many instances a decided 
disposition to coalesce with the Church, — a disposition 
which might have been improved to the happiest advnn" 
tage for the permanent interests of religion in the colony, 
but for the frequent inability of the Bishops to provide 
for the demand, and the unsettled condition of the question 
relating to the reserves. *" 

By the death of the Bishop of Quebec in 1337, the 
whole care of this extensive diocese devolved on the Bish- 
op of Montreal, who in 1340 made a visit to the churches 
throughout the districts of Montreal, Three Rivers, and 

• Reports 6.P.G. 1836. 



88 

St. Francis, and in 1843 to those Gf the Eastern townships 
and other distant parts of Lower Canada. He travelled 
about 1000 miles, presided at 5 meetings for forming dis- 
trict branches of the Church Society, and consecrated sev- 
eral new Churches. At Quebec and Montreal the number 
of confirmations was the largest hitherto known in any 
part of the Can ad as. In his pastoral address he took occa- 
sion to notice that the number of the clergy, inadequate as 
it then was to the wants of the people, had fully doubled 
since the care of the Churches came less than six years 
before upon his shoulders. * 

in M iy, 1243, ihe Bishop undertook the arduous task of 
fhiting the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company, the 
whole of which territory is beyond his episcopal jurisdic- 
tion. He also proceeded up the Ottawa to Clarendon, 
the farthest mission to the west of the diocese, and upward 8 
of S50 miles above Quebec. The mission station on Red 
River is 2000 miles above Quebec, nearly 1000 miles of 
which he travelled in bark canoes, traversing Lake Su- 
perior from its eastern to its western extremity ; he had to 
pass 800 miles through a country inhabited, for the moat 
part, by savages and beasts of prey, t At the Indian set. 
dements a deputation of twelve Indians headed by an old 
chief, presented an address. In his letter to the Church 
Missionary Society, he says, " it is impossible that lean 
write to you after my visit, without paying at least a pass- 
ing tribute to the valuable labors of those faithful men 
whom the Society has employed in the field of its exten- 
sive operations, and the opportunity which was afforded 
me of contrasting the condition of the Indians who are 
under their training and direction with that of the unhappy 
Indians with whom I came in contact upon the route, sig- 

• Report 1843, page 98. 

t Transactions of Cburcb Missionary Society. 



89 

nully enabled ms to appreciate the blessings of which the 
Society is the instrument, and did indeed yield a beautiful 
testimony to the power and reality of the Gospel of Christ." 

Pecuniary grants have for many years been made , by 
the British Parliament in support of missions attached to 
the Indian departments of both Lower and Upper Canada, 
and in 1834 the Parliament Estimates contained au allow- 
ance for 5 missionaries, and in 1839 an addition of £64 8s. 
to the schoolmasters for the Indian department of Lower 
Canada. 

The Bishop's next visitation was to Gaspe, the eastern 
extremity of the Diocese, 450 miles below Quebec, and to 
county of Megantic. Three years before the Rev. Mr. Cu- 
aack was sent down, north side of St. Lawrence toLabrador. 
This part of Canada is beyond the limits of the diocese, 
and was in a most destitute condition. At the time of Mr. 
Cusack's visit, there were more than 100 families destitute 
of all religious ordinances whatever. Fifteen hundred 
sail of small vessels annually visit this coast, consequently 
a large fluctuating population were found to exist here all 
the year round without divine worship on the Sabbath day. 
The Bishop of Montreal concludes the account of his 
visitations of 184-3 and 4, in the following summary: — 

" We go over a great deal of space in Canada to effect 
things which, at present, are upon a very humble scale. I 
find that the aggregate of all my journey ings about the 
Diocese itself, (and I have travelled 4,000 miles out of it 
during the past summer,) upon this last triennial Visita- 
tion, with the addition of the journeys to La Chine and 
Lenoxville, amounts to 4,238 miles. In the case of Rivi- 
ere du Loup, 1 travelled 228 miles, going and returning, to 
visit one little insulated congregation. And now I have 
finished this history of the Diocese in its successive parts ; 
and although chequered with scenes of a more prosperous 



90 

aspect, it is a history of scattered and often feeble congre* 
gations; enjoying but scanty and imperfect provisions in 
religion ; with churches standing unfinished for years to- 
gether, or sometimes with no churches at all ; with poof 
Missionaiies enduring hardships like good soldiers of Je- 
sus Christ, yet labouring" for a few here and a few there, so 
thai all, in some eyes, perhaps, look unimportant—priests 
and people alike, of ' destiny obscure.' But are tbey not, 
if rightly regarded, the very objects for Christian sympathy 
and help ? And is it not with something far different from 
a { disdainful smile* that the English Church and people, 
io their 'grandeur,' will * hear ' these ' simple annals of 
the poor' in the Colonies ? For myself, 1 cannot but view 
jt ns a privilege for which the deepest thankfulness is due, 
that I have been permitted, with whatever feeble ability of 
my own to follow up the work of my venerated predeces- 
sors, and to carry out the designs of the Society, still en- 
larging from year to year, in such a field, — a Society which 
may truly be said, nnder God, with reference to the Cana- 
dian Church, to have kept a light in Israel, by cherishing 
among this people the means for the pure teaching of the 
Gospel, and the unadulterated worship of God, 'in the 
face of Jesus Christ,' and by promoting among them, at 
the same time, the retention of primitive order, and the 
habitual recourse to Apostolic ordinances ; conducting its 
proceedings in concord with the chief pastors of the 
Church upon the spot, and strengthening their hands to its 
power, yea, and beyond its power, in the progress of the 
work. Here are seventy confirmations, performed in suc- 
cessive journeys of the extent jnst described, to produce a 
result of 2,316 individuals confirmed in the last triennial 
Visitation. But who, even if the souls of these individuals 
and of all the families connected with them, were not worth 
our cure, who hath despised the day of small things ? Over 
this extent of country the scattered labours of the Church 



m 

are diffused, and the episcopal ministrations are statedly 
carried; and in all these different spots here the individuals 
openly professed the truth of God, and recognized their 
Church membership by a solemn act. The fathers to the 
children, and children's children, will make known that 
truth ; and that Church roots herself in a soil, gradually 
spreading on the right band and on the left, which must be 
covered hereafter by a prodigious growth: what that growth 
shall be must depend, in human calculation, upon what is 
done in the present stage of the Colony. The sacraments 
administered, the vows undertaken, the prayers offered 
the word preached, the pastoral watchfulness exercised in 
the recesses of snow-ciad forests, or upon the borders of 
the turbulent gulf, through the provisions established by 
the ' Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
Parts,' are precious in the sight of God, and pregnant 
with an important future among men." 

Bishop's College, at Lennoxville in the district of Thr^e 
Rivers, was established by the Bishop of Montreal in the 
year 1841, for training up young men for the work 
of the Ministry in the forests of Canada,— an institution 
which, if properly supported and carefully guarded, may 
become of inestimable importance to the future welfare of 
the Canadian Church. The corner stone of the college 
was laid by the Bishop in September, 1845, and the build- 
ings were expected to be ready during the summer of 1847 
for the reception of the students who then occupied a 
building in the neighborhood. The site is said to be 
highly beautiful. The Society for the Propagation of the 
Gospel have granted£l000 sterling towards the institution, 
and established 6 exhibitions of £50 each. It has al- 
ready received several endowments) among which is the 
snm of £6000 placed at the disposal of the Bishop by a 
private friend, which he has devoied to the erection of a 
college chapel and other objects; The Bishop himself in 
9 



92 

conjunction with the members of his own family, hare 
also endowed the College with lands, which though at pre- 
sent unproductive are likely hereafter to become of great 
value. The Library given for the Theological students of 
this diocese, by the associates of Dr. Bray, has been lately 
removed from ThreeRivers to Lennoxville, as a foundation 
for the College library. The endowment of the College has 
been further increased by a grant from the Society for 
Promoting Christian Knowledge, in Oct. last, of £1000, in 
accordance with a promise that the same should be paid 
when a like sum was raised by subscription, which has 
now been effected. 

Among the ordinarons in 1843 was one gentleman who 
had been a studeDt of this seminary. In 1846, there were 
11 Divinity students at the College ; the year before, ano- 
ther student had been admitted to holy orders. On Trin- 
ity Sunday last, the Bishop held an ordination at the Col- 
lege, when seven candidates were admitted to the office of 
deacon, and three to that of presbyter. Of these gentle- 
men seven were prepared for the ministry at the College. 
Lennoxville College was incorporated by legislative enaei- 
ment in 1S43. 

A School in connection with the College was opened in 
1842. At that date there were 20 pupils, with every pros- 
pect of an increase in their number. * 

At the visitation in 1845, the number of resident clergy 
\n the Diocese of Quebec, was 73 ; 53 being missionaries 
of the Society for Propagation of the Gospel. The number 
of churches was 74, and preaching stations 216 ; Sunday- 
schools, 91. It is to be regretted that no complete return 
of the number of communicants appears at this visitation- 
In the spring of 1S46, the Bishop confirmed in the parish 



Report S. P. G. 1843. 



93 

church of Montreal 325 persons, the lirgest number ever 
admitted at a single confirmation by a Bishop of the 
Church of England, in North America. The number con- 
firmed the same season in the cathedra! of Quebec was 
218. 

In the autumn of 1847, the Bishop concluded a visitation 
of his whole Diocese, which was accomplished in some- 
thing less than two years. He left Quebec for Gaspe on 
the 15th Sept., and returned through New Brunswick and 
part of the United States, and paid a visit to Bishop's Col- 
lege, Lennoxville, situate on the American frontier. The 
number of confirmations held in this last triennial visitation 
of the whole Diocese, was 74 ; the number of persons con- 
firmed was 2012.; and 11 new churches were consecrated. 
Sixty-one clergymen were in attendance at the delivery of 
the visitation charge in the parish church of Montreal. 

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel have lately 
called the attention of the Bishop to the state of the newly 
arrived Emigrants, with a view of taking immediate steps 
for their spiritual instruction and guidance on arrival at 
the Quarantine Station of Grosse Island, SO miles below 
Quebec, where there is a hospital for the sick, and the 
people are usually detained to wash and recruit after the 
voyage. There is here a Station and a Chapel with a re- 
sident Chaplain, supported by the Bishop from funds of 
the Society placed at his disposal. The Chaplain of this 
Institution has, accordingly, received directions from the 
Diocesan to enquire into the destination of such emigrants 
as are detained in Quarantine and to give a right direction, 
so far as may be in his power, to the movements of those 
who arrive without any settled plan.* 

The misery and horrors of this station since the unholy 
attempt, during the summer of 1847, to cast out the pauper 

* Report S. P. G., 1846. 



94 

population of Ireland upon British America, are pourtray- 
ed in the following extract from ihe Bishop's correspon- 
dence on the subject with the Society. 

" On account of the overwhelming extent of the labours 
this year at the Quarantine Station, in consequence of the 
swarms of miserable beings poured upon the shores of 
Canada from Ireland, I have found it absolutely indispensi- 
ble to employ two Clergymen at that Station, and, in fact, 
before I could send a clergyman down, different Clergy- 
men of Quebec or its immediate neighbourhood, went 
down, each for a few days at a time to assisi — and one of 
the two Clergymen stationed there having come away sick, 
the same arrangement is still going on. I felt it right to set 
the example of taking a turn myself in this duty, and went 
down for a week. The scenes of wretchedness, disease, 
and death to be there witnessed, thickening day by day, 
surpass all description — and the time will not permit my 
attempting any details — suffice it to say that when I left the 
statioo, there were, according to computation, about 1700 
sick upon the island, (every building which could be made 
in any way available, the two Churches included, being 
turned into hospitals, together with a vast number of tents,) 
and about 800 afloat in the miserable holds of the ship*.— 
With the utmost exertion on the part of the authorities, i 
was a matter of impossibility to provide the necessary com- 
forts and attendance for these poor sufferers. The daily 
amount of deaths was frightful. We had not perhaps abov« 
300 Protestant sick, ont of this number, but so dispersed, 
on shore and afloat, and so intermingled with Romanists, 
sometimes two of different faith in one bed, that the labour 
of attending to them ministerially was immense." 

The Rev. Messrs. Willoughby, Daws, Chederton, Morris, 
and Anderson, have fallen victims to their benevolent zeal 
for the emigrant sick. 



95 

The Rev. Charle9 Morris, Missionary at Port Neuff, is 
a native of Nova Scotia, son of the Hon. Cbas. Morris, of 
that province. He was a man of unpretending piety and 
one of very extensive attainments — a master of Arts of 
King's College, Windsor, The Rev. R. Anderson was an 
Irishman and a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, he 
was a widower, and left two little orphan boys, who have 
been taken by a brother clergyman. 

" Both these gentlemen" (says the Bishop,) "voluntarily 
outstayed their time at Grosse Isle. I had established a 
rotation service, giving a week to each Clergyman. Mr. 
Anderson became so deeply interested in the scenes and 
incidents wtich he witnessed, and conceived so lively a 
desire to devote himself to the work of comforting and 
guiding the sick, and aiding the dying in their preparation, 
that he earnestly solicited permission from me to remain 
and he stayed six weeks. Still, as there was abundant 
work for two, and it was evident that ' the mutual society, 
help, and comfort, that the one might have of the other, 
would be of benefit both to themselves and the patients, the 
weekly arrangements continued, and Mr. Morris, from 
some accidental interruption in the chain, had the oppor- 
tunity, of which he chose to avail himself, of remaining a 
fortnight. Most cheerfully, as well as most lovingly, did 
they perform their work together. 'They were lovely and 
pleasant in their lives, and in their deaths they were not 
divided.' They came up together from the island, and 
were buried within a day o$ each other at Quebec. The 
cathedral, as on occasion of the previous death of my ad- 
mirable friend Mr. Chederton, was hung for three Sundays 
with black, Mr. Anderson was remarkably simple-minded, 
as well as a truly zealous and faithful minister of Christ. 
Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his 
saints." 

9* 



96 

" Tbe number of Clergymen of onr Churcb, being tfaef 
only Protestant ministers in attendance who served tbe 
Quarantine Station during the season, was fifteen. Of 
these the Rev Messrs. Rollit, Forest, Sutton, Torrance, 
Lonsdell, Parkin, King, Anderson, Whitten, Morris, Reid, 
Griierout, Butler, and Morice, were Missionaries of the 
Society ; and of these Missionaries, Messrs, Forrest, Tor- 
rance, Lonsdell, Parkin, King, Reid, and Butler, took tb e 
fever and recovered. Messrs. Torrence, King, and Reid, 
were very dangerously ill." 

Clsrgv Reserves. — The Clergy Reserves of Canada 
consist of one-seventh part of all the ungranted lacds in 
both Provinces, set apart for the support of a Protestant 
clergy, by the constitutional act of 1791. This provision 
was deemed necessary and just at the time in consequence 
of tbe ample endowment secured to the Churcb of Rome, 
under the terms of capitulation confirmed hy the imperial 
act of 1774. In 1329, tbe quantity set apart under ihe 
several statutes regulating the reserves, was 2,400,000 
acres, and as townships have been laid out from time to 
time, one-seventh of tbe land has been set apart as clergy 
reserves. 

On the subject of the reserves, the Bishop of Montreal, 
in his letter to the Society, in the year 1833, observes, 
" The case of the Church in Canada, with respect to tbe 
formation and maintenance of its establishment, is briefly 
this, the territory having been acquired by the Crown of 
Great Britain, in 1759, a Protestant population by degrees 
flowed in, with the prospect of course of continued acces- 
sion. Measures were, therefore, taken by tbe Government 
to provide for tbe spiritual wants of this population. In 
179!, when the two distinct Provinces of Upper andLower 
Canada were established by what is commonly called the 
(Quebec act, the royal instructions to the Governors having 



9? 

previously declared the Church of England to !>c the esta- 
blished religion of the colony,* to which instructions! re"* 
fereace is introduced in the act— a reservation of <ne- 
seventh of all the lands in Upper Canada, and of all such 
lands in the Lower Province as were not already occupied 
by the French inhabitants, was made for the support of a 
Protestant clergy. 

"The little value attached in the earlier stages of British 
possession, to tracts of wild land, and the hopelessness ot 
obtaining a tenantry upon the clergy lots so long as the feef 
simple of the same quantity could he obtained in the way 
of grants, or for a trifling consideration, caused the pro^ 
perry to be for a long time of necessity unproductive, and 
it was in a manner disregarded by the Government, in 
whose hands tbe management of it resided. In 1806, how- 
ever, measures were taken to elect a corporation in each 
Province for the management of the reserves, but it was 
not until 1819 that these corporations went into operation." 

About this time, questions began to be raised respecting 
the proper legal construction of the act of 1791, and the 
intentions of Parliament in passing it, as well as the inter- 

* (Extract from an address of Bishop Stewart, published 1827.)— " In 
using the expression" (the established religion of the conutry,) " I am very- 
tar from meaning to say, that either the positive advantages of our own, 
Church, or the relative situation of other religious bodies, aie, or ought to 
be, here, what they are in England or Ireland. In this country, there are 
no civil or political distinctions, founded upon those which are religious j 
)ior ahy contributions drawn for the support of the Church from those who 
profess a creed different from her*, and there are privileges not conceded 
at home, enjoyed here by the branches of other Churches established in Eu« 
rope, of which I should be the last person upon earth to Wish them deprived. 
In some instances, 1 should be heartily glad that the benefits extended to in- 
dividuals of these Churches, should be greater than they haVe vet been made ; 
but ours is, and has been, declared and constituted, and according to my 
belief, provided for as the Religion of the Stale." 

" As I have earnestly contended f>r the claims of the Churehj I am anxious 
of having the opportunity of saying that my sentiments accord entirely 
with those of the Uishop of Quebec, as expressed in the foregoing extract ; 
aud in the maintenance of what I conceive to be our rightful cause, I feet 
able to say that I have always been actuated by something very different 
from party spirit or uncharitable feeling. 1 feel how gladly I could give the 
hand to any body of sincere Christians, in away which conscience would 
permit, and how willingly 1 would engage, if there were hope of success 
from such a measure in any plan of comprehension, which would not com- 
promise the essential principles of the Episcopal Church." 



98 

^fetation to be given to the words " Protestant clergy. '* 
Since then, the disposal and appropriation of the clergy 
reserves have continued to afford fruitful subjects of con- 
test between the various political and religious parlies in 
Canada, until set at rest by the imperial statute of 3d and 
4th Vic. ch. 78, passed in 1840, entitled, an act to provide 
for the sale of the clergy reserves in the Province of Carta* 
da, and for the distribution of the proceeds thereof. By 
this act, the Governnieut in Canada is empowered to sell 
all or any part of the clergy reserves, under regulations to 
be approved of by her Majesty in Council, and the pro- 
ceeds in money to be derived from the sale and leasing of 
the clergy reserves, after deducting certain allowances spe^ 
cified in the act, are directed to be divided into six equal 
parts, two of which are to be appropriated to the Church 
of England, and one to the Church of Scotland, and the 
other three to be appropriated by the Governor of the Pro- 
vince, with the advice of the Executive Council, for the 
purposes of public worship and religious instruction in 
Canada, and all sold or to be sold under the provisions of 
the imperial statute 8, Geo. 4, to be divided into three equal 
parts, two of which are to be appropriated to the Church 
of England, and one to the Church of Scotland. * By this 
statute of Geo. 4, the sale of one-fourth of the whole re* 
serves were authorised, and the proceeds directed to be 
invested. 

It was not the intention of the Imperial Government, in 
passing this act, to apportion these lands among the deno- 
minations of Christians whose claims were there recog- 
nised, but to place the whole at the disposal of Govern* 
ment, to be sold and the proceeds to be divided in the por- 
tions mentioned in the act. f 

" Imperial Statutes 1840. 

t By the seventh clause of this statute, the sum of £7700 per annum was 
vecured to the Church ia Canada, and until the portion of the proceeds of 
the reserves appropriated to the Church of Enghnd, should amount to that 



99 

The management of the reserves, appears to have given 
general dissatisfaction, owing to the large amount of pro- 
ceeds annually consumed in charges. Petitions from the 
two Diocesan Societies inCanada, supported by others num- 
erously signed, from all parts of theProvince,have been, in 
consequence, laid before both branches of the Local Legis- 
lature, and aiso presented to the Crown, to obtain an alter- 
ation in the statute of Victoria that & portion of the reserves 
equivalent to the amount of the proceeds of their sale, 
awarded to the Church of England by the imperial act 
might be vested in the Church Societies, to be managed, by 
them for the interest of the Church, and that the game ad- 
vantages should be extended to other denominations, 
entitled to a share of th« reserves fund, if they so derired. 
The committees of both Houses to whom those petition.* 
were referred, in the session of 1846, reported tiuuiuu^ 
the object of the prayer, but both branches of the Legisla- 
ture have refused to confirm the reports, consequently 
nothing has been done towards effecting an object so irn_ 
portant to the interests of the Church. — For present state: 
of clergy reserve fund, see appendix. 

A Church Society was formed in the Diocese of (Quebec 
in 1842, — its specific oljects bring, fiivt: the encourage- 
ment and support of missionaries and clergymen of the 
United Church of England and Ireland, within the Dio- 
cese, and for creating a fund towards the augment- 
ation of the stipends of poor clergymen, and towards 
making provision for those who may be incapacitated 
by age or infirmity, and for the widows and orphans of the 
Clergy. Secondly: the encouragement of E lucation, and 
for the support of day and Sunday-schools, in the diocese, 

sum, it is charged upon Ihe Casual Revenue of the Province of Cauadu ; and 
all stipends granted to other religipus bodies out of ihe reserves fund pre- 
vious to the passing of the act, ar<j secured to them. The portion of the 
proceeds «f the reserves in Canada West, appropriated to the Church, now 
exceeds, it is said, the amount secured to the Clergy ol the Diocese of 
Toronto, under this act. 



100 

in conformity with the principles of the Church. Thirdly: 
granting assistance, where it may be necessary, to those 
who may be preparing for the Ministry of the Gospel 
in the Church within the Diocese. Fourthly: circulat- 
ing the Holy Scriptures, the Book of Common Prayer, 
and such other Books and Tracts as shall be approved 
by the Central Board or Managing Committee of the Asso- 
ciation. Fifthly: obtaining and granting aid towards the 
erection, endowment, and maintenance of Churches, in the 
Diocese ; the erection and maintenance of parsonage 
houses; the setting apart of burial grounds and cnurch 
yards, and the endowment and support of parsonages and 
rectories, and the management of all matters relating to 
such endowments. 

The resources of this Society, since its foundation, hav« 
been steadily on the iocrease. Its income in 1846 approach- 
ed the sum of £2000, and its expenditure exceeded £1400, 
shewing an increase over the preceding year of £203 a t 
Montreal, and £260 at Quebec. It maintained that year 
two travelling missionaries, and had eight district associa- 
tions. Through the judicious distribution of its funds in 
the erection and support of schools, its influence is already 
beginning to be felt through the whole extent of the Dio- 
cese. The income for the year 1848, was as follows, 
Viz:— Montreal, £1250 ; Quebec, £387 ; widows and or- 
phans fund £330. Total, £1967. 

The whole number of the Clergy in the Diocese of 
Quebec, in 1847, was 78 ; the number holding charges, 73 ; 
trje Churches, 72 ; stations where service is regularly per- 
formed, 220. There are but 23 parsonage-houses in the 
whole Diocese. * 

It has long been manifest that the duties of this Diocese 
have become too great for the administration of one 
Bishop. The see of Quebec has now been vacant nearly 

•Report 1317. 



101 

2 years, owing, as it is said, to their being no provision 
for the support of a Bishop, that enjoyed by Dr. Stewart 
having ceased at his death. It is a matter of surprise that 
amidst the anxiety now prevailing on the subject of Colo- 
nial Episcopacy, some tneans have not been devised to 
provide for the see of Quebec, and thus more effectually to 
protect the interest of this most important branch of the 
Cburch of England. Since the above was written, the 
Bishop of Montreal has again urged this subject upon th8 
attention of th5 Church, through the medium of the Society 
for the Propagation of the Gospel. And the Colonial 
Bishopric's Committee* have taken the subject into con- 
sideration, as appears by the following passage in their last 
Report : — "Among the more urgent and pressing wants of 
the Colonial Church, may be recorded that which has al- 
ready been noiiced by us, a subdivision of the two large 
Dioceses of Quebec and Toronto, or at the very least the 
erection of a Bishop's see at Quebec as well as at Mon- 
treal." f 



*This Committee arecomposad ofttie Archbishops of Cantorbury, York,, 
Arihagh, and Dublin, audi the JJi'sftops of Loudon, Wintoa, Durham. Bo-' 
chaster, and Lincoln. 

t Sopor Id. tf. G ., 1848. 



102 



DIOCESE OF aTJEBEC. 



Population of the Diocese in 1849—789,000. The Protestant 
population is estimated at less than one fifth, and the mem- 
bers of the Church of England are supposed to constitute 
above one twelfth of the whole. 

o • 

Bishop.— The Right Rev. GEORGE I. MOUNTAIN, D. D., Lord 
Bishop of Montreal, and Archdeacon of Quebec, (administering 
the Diocese.) 

Bishop's Official and Ecclesiastical Commissary. — Rev. 
George Mackie, D. D. 

private Secretary — Rev. A- W. Mountain, A. B. 

Examining Chaplain. — Rev. Dr. Mackik. 

~\ RETURNS IN 1S46. 



NAME OF THE CEERGYMAN. 





u. 












c 
o 










PARISH 


p 


rr 


a 1 
b£) 


OR 


Q 


~ 


F 


MISSION. 


o 


~ 


c ■ 




. 


*3 


° 1 




0- 


•J} 


CJ i 




f> 


S_ 






§ 




o 




5-r 


o 


H 



Right Rev. G. I. Mountain, d. d, 

Rector, 
Rev. Geo. Mackie, d. d. Curate, 

„ E. W. Sewell, 

„ C. R. Plees, 

,, J. E. F. Simpson, 

,, C. L. F. Haensel,Ev'g.Lect'i 

„ G. Cowell, m. a Ch. Forces. 

„ J. Cornwall, Asst. Curate. 

., E. B. Parkin, 

,, J. Torrence, 

,, R. Lew is, 

„ J. McKeoun, 

„ A. T. Whitten, 
„ L. H. Simpson, 
„ E. G. W. Ross, 

„ William Kins', 



District of 
Quebec. 



Quebec. 

TrinityCh 

St. Peter's 
St. Paul's 
TrnChrch 



Valcartier. 

Pt.Levi,&c 
Portneu'&c 
Frampton, 

&c. 
Leeds. 
Ireland&c. 
R.duLoup, 

(enbas.) 
SlGiles,&c. 



1500 



450 
I 240 



J 55 
100 
200 

600 

70 

320 



550 

SO 
50 



70 
S 357 



122 3 
60| 1 

50 1 4 

8 I 
2 



C^The returns maiked * are for the v e ar JS-15. 



JOS 







o 




d 

o 


"2 

3 

3 
O 








5 




"3 


U 


«j 


NAME OF THE CLERGYMAN. 


PARISH 


o 


93 


4) 


t—i 


o 
o 








c 


th 


o 


rfi 




OR 


c 


'+3 


a 




O 




MISSION. 


53 


GO 


o 
O 


S on 


7D 






e 

3 




a 
o 


-2 c 


3 






^ 


5 


H 


£ 


cr 


r 


District oi 










Rev. S. S. Wood, m. a. Rector and 


Three Rivers. 










Chaplain to Bishop, 


Three Rivrs 


1 


2 


140 




1 


,, H. Burgess, a. b. 


Nicolet. 


*] 




50 


30 




„ G. M. Ross, Rector, 


Drummond' 














ville, &c. 


1 


1 




75 


2 


„ N. Guerout, 


R. DeLoup, 














(enhaut)&c 


1 


2 


100 


51 


J 




District of 














Montreal. 












,, J. Bethune, d. d. Rector, 


Montreal. 


1 




2000 


40o 


1 


,, W. A. Adamson, a. b. Asst. 














>, Jacob Ellegood, do. 














>, D.Robertson, Chaplain to the 














Troops, 












■ 


,, A. D. Campbell, 


Trin Chap 


1 




857 




- 1 ! 


,, J. Irwin, 


StThos „ 


*1 


3 


550 




i| 


„ W. T. Leach, m. a. 


St.Geo's,, 


*1 




400 




*j 




St.Anns ,, 


1 






v 


„ E. J. Rogers, Chaplain to 










Penitentiary, 














,, G. Ramsav, m. a. ) 
„ T. A. Young, 5 


St. Martin, 
Isle Jesus 














&StTh'rse 


1 


1 


90 


38 




„ C. Rollet, 


Rawdon,&c 


*3 


10 




75 




,, J. Flanagan. 


Mascoucbe. 


*3 








•: 


„ Vacant, 


N. Glasgow 












„ W. B. Bond, 


Lachine. 


1 


o 


250 


56 


3 


,, J. Mountain, 


Cot. duLac. 


1 




30 


13 




,, James Pyke, 


Vaudreuil. 










■ 


„ W. Abbot, Rector, 


St. Andrews 


1 




190 


160 


1 


„ W. McMaster, 


Gore. 


1 




250 


60 




,, C. Forrest, 


Grenvill &c 


2 




100 


23 


1 


,, J, Johnston, 


Hull, &c 


2 


4 


380 


57 


1 


,. F. S. Neve, 


Clarendon. 


1 




100 


160 


1 


„ William Anderson, Rector, 


Wm. Henry 














& Berthier 


1 


1 


250 


140 


2 


„ T. Johnston, 


Abbotsford, 


o 


1 


140 


50 


1 


„ F. Robinson, 


Rougemont 













10 



104 













"a 






PARISH 


09 

03 






3 

s 

o 


09 


NAME OF THE CLERGYMAN- 


OR 


3 


c 


4i 


<« 


1 




MISSION. 


o 


ed 


fab 


e 


— 

X 






S 


03 


£ CD 


>, 






-O 






a § 

3 O 


5 








Z 


"o 


5 , 






Sz; 


6 


H 


Z 


3Q ; 


Rev, A. Balfour, 


Shefford. 


3 


3 


290 


130 


I 


„ Joseph Scott, m. a. 


Brome, &c. 


I 


5 


300 


12 


1| 


„ C. C. Cotton, a. b. 


Dunham. 


1 


2 


350 


25 


3' 


., James Reid, 


SfArmandE 










| 


„ R. Whitwell, 


StArm'dW 


1 


4 


240 


1 SO 


1 


,, James Jones, 


Stanbridge. 


o 


2 


350 


30 




,, W. Jones, 


Far n ham. 










1 


,, M. Townsend, Rector, 


Caldwell &c 


o 


3 


400 


108 


8 


„ G. Slack, 


Granby, &c 


2 


o 


300 


61 


2 


„ G. Bancroft, m. a. Rector, 


St. John's 


2 


1 


390 


85 


2 


Vacant, 


Christ iev'le 


*1 








2 


„ J. Braithewaite, a. b. Rector, 


Chambly. 


1 


1 


240 


25 


1 


„ J. P. White, Assistant, 














,, F. Lonsdell, 


Laprairie. 


2 


2 




20 


4 


„ C. Morice, 


Lacolle &c 


1 


5 


200 


40 




„ H. Hazard, 


Sherrington 


2 


6 


601 


37 


2 


„ E. G. Satton, 


St. Remi&c 


*; 


10 


401 


58 


4 


,, James Fulton, 


Russelltown 


a 




70 


S 


1 


„ W. Brethour, a. b. 


Ormstown. 


i 




350 


96 


1 


„ W. Morris, 


Huntingdon 


i 


5 


360 


112 


1 


,, Daniel Gavin, Missionary to 














French Protestants, 


Sabrevois. 

District of St. 

Francis. 












„ J. Butler, 


Kingsey&c. 


2 


2 


110 


58 




,, D. Falloon, d. d. 


Shipton &c. 


2 


2 


100 


67 




Vacant, 


Lenoxville. 


*2 





200 




2 


,, L. Doolittle, 


Sherbrooke 




i 






„ J Hellmuth, 


Eaton, N&S 












„ J. Taylor, 


Robinson&c 


*1 


10 


190 




6j 


,, J. Kemp, 


Compton. 


2 




200 


30 


] | 


„ C. P. Reid, 


Hutley, &c. 


1 


2 


70 


44 




,, C. Jackson, 


District of 
Gaspe. 










1 




Gaspe, &c 


2 


! 




US 


a 


„ W.Arnold, 


Perce, &c. 1 


*2 


3 






2| 


R. Short, 


NCarlile &| 


1 
1 








.1 


„ G. Milne, m. a. 


B.ChaleursI 


•al 


4 


2S0 


27 1 


21 



105 

BISHOP'S COLLEGE, LENNOXVILLE. 

Principal and Professor of Divinity. — Rev. Jasper Nichols, 

M. A. (Bishop's Chaplain). 
Professor »f Mathematics and Master of Grammar School. — 

H. Miles, M. A. 
Professor Jf Hebreic. — J. Hellmuth. 



CHAPTER IV. 



DIOCESE OF TORONTO, 



The Diocese of Quebec, as originally constituted, em- 
braced a territory of vast dimensions. The functions of a 
Bishop, under such circumstances, could be hardly render- 
ed available to any useful purpose. Time and space must 
necessarily present serious obstacles in every attempt to 
exercise his authority or bestow his care. The advance- 
ment of the Church throughout Canada was believed to be 
on this account seriously retarded. This difficulty was 
more palpable in respect to Upper Canada, which lay bo 
wholly remote from the residence of the Diocesan, and 
from any possible inspection from him, except at rare in- 
tervals. Some years elapsed, however, before a want of 
such magnitude could be supplied. It was not until 1839 
that Upper Canada obtained a resident Bishop, in that 
year, Dr. John Strachan, Archdeacon of York, was conse- 
crated Bishop of Toronto.* 

At the date of the Bishop's appointment, the two 

* The revenue of the Bishop of Toronto was principally derived from the 
allowance to the Archdeaconry of York, and the emoluments attached to 
the Parish Church of Toronto, both of which he held in conjunction with 
the Bishopric, and ihe Society P. G. usually made him a small grant from 
their funds. By a recent arrangement of the Clergy Reserve fund, in Epis- 
copal income has been provided, and the Bishop has resigned the Arch- 
deaconry and the Rectory of Toronto. 



107 

Archdeaconries of Kingston and York contained 71 resi- 
dent clergymen. At the first visitation on the following 
year, the number bad increased to 90, and again in 1842 to 
102, including two missionaries from the New England 
Company. 

Within the space of two years, the Bishop of Toronto 
made four visitations, during which he was absent two 
years and three months from his home. He is reported to 
have travelled during this period about 10,000 miles over 
bad roads, and in canoes, when he was obliged to cross the 
great lakes to visit the settlements and tribes of Indians on 
Lnke Huron. He had to travel through the wilderness to 
reach remote and distant settlements, where scattered con- 
gregations were collected, with their children, for baptism 
and confirmation, and other spiritual assistance. He bad 
frequently to sleep out in the log-hut of the settler, in the 
woods, sameumes travelling on horseback, and sometimes 
on foot, or in the common lumber-waggons of the country, 
subject to all the privations incident to wilderness settle- 
ments. * In the spring of 1842, the visitation extended to 
the Niagara and Home districts, and those of Simcoe and 
Colburne, Newcastle, Prince William, Midland, Eastern, 
Batburst, and Dalhousie. The confirmations at 75 stations 
were 2923 ; Churches consecrated, 5 ; sermons and addres- 
ses delivered, 155 ; and number of miles travelled, 2277. t 

In the first progress of the Bishop through his Diocese, 
in 1840, the number confirmed was 1790. During the 
second, this number was more than doubled, the aggregate 
being 3901. " The Clergy are now," says the Bishop in 
his letter to the Society P. G.. " reaping the reward of 
their labors, anxieties, and personal sacrifices, in beholding 
the progress of religious principles. Moreover, abundance 
of evidence everywhere appears that opposition or indiffer- 



* Report S. P. G. 1846. f Report 1844. 

10* 



108 

ence towards the Church, or even separation, does not in 
general arise from any distrust of her discipline or doctrine, 
but from the practical impossibility of obtaining instruction 
within her pale." 

The Mohawk Indian congregation, on Grande River, 
came within the scope of the Bishop's first visitation. 
Prayers were read on the occasion by the Rev. A. Nelles, 
in the Mohawk tongue. The Bishop confirmed 19 by an 
interpreter, and then visited tbe schools, where a number of 
Indian children receive the rudiments of a religious educa- 
tion. After the confirmation, the Bishop Addressed the 
asssmbled chiefs of the tribe. The church in this mission 
is the oldest but one in the Province, having been built 
about the year 1784, when the Society sent them Dr. John 
Stuart,* from Fort Hunter, in New York, as their mis- 
sionary. They have here attached to their school an 
institute for the instruction of Indian youth in various 
useful mechanical arts. Tbe Bishop afterwards proceeded 
to the missions of tbe Rev. A. Elliot, further down the 
river, where the prayers were again read in the Indian 
language, and the singing conducted with the greatest 
spirit and pathos. This is a rapidly increasing congrega- 
tion, reclaimed for the most part from paganism. Twenty- 
five were confirmed, and addressed as on the former day, 
and the Bishop also addressed the chiefs of the Seneca 
tribe. There were at this time two ministers officiating to 
the Six Nations, one stationed at tbe Alobawk village on 
the Grand River, and the other at Tuscarora. There were 
also two other missionaries, who combined the charge of 
the Indians with that of congregations of whites. One on 
the Biy of Quinte, where a branch of the Mohawk tribe 

• Dr. John Stuart was the first Missionary in Upper Canada. He came 
in 1784. Eight years afterwards, two clergymen arrived from England, and 
: n is03, there were but four in the Upper Province Mr. Strachan came out 
that year, rand was shortly after ordained by the Bishop of Quebec ; he 
male the fifth ; in 1819 they had increased to 10, in 1825 to 22, and in. 1833 
:n 4.G. [Bishop's Report- 



109 

is established, and one who resides at Carodoc, and devotes 
part of bis time to the Mounsees, and Bear-creek Chippe- 
was, in his neighborhood. * 

la the year 1844, the visitations extended to Gore. Tal- 
bot, London, VVeliington, Huron, and Western Districts, 
also to the JVlanetouahning Indians on Lake Huron, com- 
prehending in all sixty-two missionary stations. In 1838, 
a missionary was stationed at the Manitoulin Islands, and 
another at Sault St. Marie, at the upper extremity of Lake 
Huron, both exclusively engaged in ministering to the 
spiritual wants of the various tribes of Indians. Dr. Fred- 
erick O'Mara was sent out by the Society for Propagating 
the Gospel as Missionary to the Indians at the latter 
place, in 1840, and has now charge of the Huron missions. 
He has lately been in Englaud, where be has obtained 
funds for building a church at the Manetouahning station. 
The mission at the Manitoulin Islands is snpported by a 
grant from the British Government. The Bishop, in his 
address to the clergy, at the cathedral church of St. James r 
in Toronto, in reference to the Indian missions, says : — 

" The Indians are all anxious to have their children 
educated, and are not unwilling to leave them in the Mis- 
sionary settlement, if they can be supported while they 
themselves are absent on their hunting expeditions. The 
children are found as apt to learn as those of the whites 3 
and acquire the common branches of instruction and ex- 
pertness in the mechanical arts with equal facility. There 
i9 an excellent school of industry for boys and girls at the 
Mohawk village on the Grand River. The boys are taught 
useful trades, and the girls knitting and sewing and house- 
hold work. At the same time, their religious education is 
carefully followed up. They are found to be docile and 



* Report 1839. Total number of Indians in Upper Canada, according ;o 
official returns in 1833, amounted to 5039 souls. 



no 

q-aick of apprehension, and very soon become clean and 
tidy in their persons. Here again is a great advance, if 
diligently improved, towards the conversion of the Indians. 
The Church can reach the parents through the children ; 
and even should she be less successful with the adults, she 
can gradually get possession of the rising generation, and 
in half an age the tribe becomes Christian. " 

The Bishop next refers to the alarming destitution of the 
means of grace in many large districts of Canada, and 
mentions the districts of Wellington and Victoria, con- 
taining 24 townships, with but two resident clergymen, 
and that of Ottawa, comprising 9 townships, to which he 
had not yet been able to send a single missionary. 

By the last census, the members of the Church in Canada 
West are returned at 128,897, out of a population of 
500,000. The Bishop, however, states from bis own ob- 
servation, that the Church people comprehend nearer one- 
third than on«-fourth of the whole population. In such a 
country, where the population is thinly scattered over a 
vast extent of territory, separated at intervals by dense 
forests, lakes, and rapid rivers, the difficulty of regular 
administration of the ordinances of religion is seriously 
felt. Though the number of working elergy has nearly 
doubled itself since 1839, being now upwards of 130, yet 
that number is miserably inadequate to the wants of the 
diocese, and notwithstanding all the exertions of the 
Bishop, and his Clergy, aided by the Society for Propaga- 
tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and supported by the 
handsome contributions of the people of Upper Canada, 
the most melancholy religious destitution prevails. It is 
obvious from the various representations on the subject, 
that the spiritual wants of the rapidly increasing Protestant 
population of Canada West, are not met by the efforts of 
the National Church, nor are the active exertions of the 



Ill 

several Dissenting Churches capable of supplying the 
deficiency. It is, however, a fact that the Clergy of the 
Church of England have increased at a much greater ratio 
than the population. In 1812, there were but five clergy- 
men to 70,000 inhabitants, whereas to 500,000 there were 
115 in the year 1844, thus while the population has in- 
creased seven-fold, the number of English Church mission- 
aries have increased more than twenty-fold.* 

Canada West now contains upwards of 400 townships- 
The rapid increase of population, and the continued forma- 
tion of new settlements, demand a large reinforcement of 
clergy, and will soon render a division of the diocese 
necessary. The Bishop reported, in 1842, forty-five sta- 
tions unprovided for, many of which have churches 
erected or in progress, and though the clergy have been 
considerably augmented since that date, the demand is 
eqnally great. "In Niagara district," says the Bishop, 
(1846), •• I have four or five more stations to attend than 
I had at my last visitation " Again, " In my last journey 
through Home and Simcoe district.-', three years ago, I 
visited 16 places, I have now to visit 31. In passing 
through the diocese, 1 behold the clergy everywhere active 
and laborious, living in good feeling and harmony among 
themselves, and with their flocks, seeking out our people 
in the wilderness, forming them into congregations, and 
extending on every side the foundations of our beloved 
Zion.» 

The destitute districts of Wellington, Huron, and Vic- 
toria, are now occupying the attention of the Bishop. 
They require at lease to be opened within them twenty or 
thirty new missions, and there exists at present in the 
Colony a provision for additional ministers, but the men 
are wanting, f— A Society, called the Upper Canada Clergy 

♦Bishop's Letter S. P. G. f Report S. P. G. 1847. 



112 

Society, for ifae support of missionaries in destitute settle- 
ments, has been established for a number of years in this 
part of Canada. In 1840, it was incorporated with the 
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
P-»rts. This committee is enabled at present to pay the 
salaries of three or four missionaries. 

The Toronto Diocesan Society, now the most efficient 
institution in the whole Colonial Church, was established 
on 20;h April, 1842, and incorporated by statute 7 Vic. 
for promoting the followiag objects. "First,* the endowment 
and support of missionaries and clergymen of the United 
Church of England and Ireland within the Diocese of 
Toronto, and for creating a fund towards the augmentation 
of the stipends of poor clergymen, and making provision 
for those who may be incapacitated by age or infirmity, 
and for the widows and orphans of the clergy of said 
Church and Diocese. " Secondly, " for the endowment of 
Education, and ihe support of day and Sunday-schools in 
the Diocese, in conformity with the principles of the 
Church." Thirdly, "For granting assistance, where it 
may be necessary, to those who may be preparing for the 
ministry of the Gospel in the Church within the Diocese." 
Fourthly, " For circulating in the Diocese the Holy 
Scriptures, the Book of Common Prayer of the Church, 
and such other books and tracts as shall be approved by 
*he central board or managing committee of the associa- 
tion. Fifthly, " For obtaining and granting aid towards 
the erectiot), endowment, and maintenance of Churches, 
and the erection and maintaining of parsonage houses, the 
setting apart of burial grounds and church-yards, the en- 
dowment and support of parsonages and rectories, and the 
management of all matters relating to such endowments." 



* Society's Report. 



Y 


£2642 17 


9 


J 






- 


9 ill) 12 


4 




- 769 8 


9 



113 

The revenue of this Society, during the second year of 
its existence, was £1800, a sum far exceeding that at the 
disposal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
Foreign Part?, in any one year for the first quarter of a 
century. In 1846", it had increased to ^4468, including the 
income of the district branches, and donations for special 
purposes. The expenditure, the same year, was £2297, 
and the sum of £1004 was invested.* The income fot the 
year ending March, 1848, was as follows, viz. : — 

Receipts t of central committee, including"] 
£583 9s 8 1, collected for the distressed 
[risn and Scotch, but not including mon- 
ies received on trust, 

District Branches, - 

Sales at Depository, -''-.-- 

£4411 18 10. 

The Society now contributes to the support of IS mis- 
sionaries, all of whom are maintained either entirely from 
its funds, or by tbo congregations to whom they minister 
with the Society's aid. two Indian interpreters, one 
catechist, and one schoolmaster, and has this year afforded 
assistance to nine theological students. Its branches have 
now spread throughout every district in Canada West, and 
by thus associating its members, an unity of action is given 
to the operations of the Church, and a value and import- 
ance to the smallest congregation in the diocese, t 

The participation of the Laity in the affairs of the 
Church, through the means of the Diocesan Societies of 
British America, is thu9 alluded to by Dr. Beavan, at the 
last annual meeting of the Toronto Society:—" The So- 
ciety, moreover, forms a species of Diocesan Synod, where, 
as in ancient times, the Bishop called together his presby- 

* Report Toronto Church Soctety, 1846, 
tReport Toronto Society, 1848. 
I Bishop of Toronto. 



Ill 

ters to consult regarding ecclesiastical affairs— as well as 
laymen, on particular occasions, to advise as to the tempo- 
ral concerns of the Church, For a long intervening period 
the laity were not specially invited to interest themselves 
in ecclesiastical matters ; but in this Society they might 
he said to be recovering one of the features of the Primi- 
tive Church." 

By the Imperial statute 3 and 4, Victoria, chapter 78, 
which provides for the sale of the Clergy Reserves in 
Canada, and the distribution of the proceeds thereof, cer- 
tain portions of these lands have been appropriated to the 
Church of England. The Diocesan Society of Toronto has 
petitioned both branches of the Local Legislature and the 
Crown, that the disposal and controul of them should be 
made over to the Church of England. The subject of 
parochial schools throughout the Diocese, has also of late 
engaged the attention of the Society. 

The income derived from the Clergy Reserves, in 
Canada West, ba9 been lately so increased by the reduc- 
tion in the expense of surveying, and collecting, as well as 
by the recovery of back rents, and the increasing value of 
lands, as to meet the demands made upon it, and a portion 
ha3 been appropriated by the Society for the Propagation 
of the Gospel, now entrusted with the administration of 
these funds under the statute 3 and 4, Victoria, as a salary 
to the Bishop, who previously had no episcopal income, 
and held the Archdeaconry of York and the Rectory of 
Toronto, both of which he has at length been enabled to 
resign.* Within the last year, a plan has been matured 
by the Society for the application of the remainder of 
this fund, for the support of religious worship in the 
diocese, pnrsuant to the statute. It is contained in the 
following regulations, published in their Report for 184S. 

•Report S. P. G. 1847. 



115 

** I. That a sum of £1200 per annum, currency) be 
appropriated to the maintenance of a Theological Institu- 
tion for the Diocese of Toronto. 

" II. That annual grants of £60 currency be made to 
travelling missionaries. 

" II T. That stipends to the Clergy in the settled Districts 
be paid, equal in amount to the sum raised within the 
Diocese ; that in no case shall such stipend be less than 
£50 currency, or more than £150 currency $ and that, of 
the sum raised from sources within the Diocese, at least 
£50 currency shall be raised within the mission itself, and 
a house provided. 

" IV. That the sum of £60 sterling be allowed to each 
unmarried, and £100 sterling to each married missionary 
proceeding from England, for passage and outfit ; and 
that a further sum of £60 currency be allowed to each 
missionary, travelling or settled, on his taking possession 
of his first charge, to meet the expense of his first estab- 
lishing himself. 

" V. That the continuance of the clergymen's services 
in any particular mission, must be understood to depend 
on the fulfilment, by the people, of the conditions on which 
he was sent to reside among them. 

" VI. That the missionaries at present on the Society's 
list be allowed to take advantage of the above arrange- 
ments, should they desire to do so. 5 ' 

The Society has determined to allow to clergymen going 
from Great Britain to the Diocese of Toronto, an annual 
sum of £50 from its own funds for the first three years of 
their incumbency. A further plan for affording encourage- 
ment, as far as very limited meanslallow, to merit, and long 
and efficient services, has been submitted to the Bishop of 
Toronto, and is now awaiting his Lordship's judgment.* 

•Report, S. P. G. 1848. 
11 



116 

The Bishop of Toronto, on the establishment of a new 
mission or rectory, has usually required from the settlers, 
where it was possible, a contribution of £50 per annum, 
and frequently the erection of a parsonage house, where 
the local resources of the district admit of such a provision. 

The revenue derived from the Clergy reserve* in Cana- 
da West now exceeds the sum charged upon it by Govern- 
ment for the support of the Clergy of the Diocese. The 
portion appropriated to the Church of Eugland in the year 
1847, was above £8000* currency. In 1836, there were 
upwards of 29,931 acres of the Clergy Reserves granted 
as endowments to the parochial clergy, for which the 
patents bad been made out. 4118 acres, fer which the 
patents bed not then been completed, and 12,725 set apart 
as glebes. There were, at the time, 57 rectories endowed 
with land, under order in council. 

According to the last returns, there were 300 places of 
worship belonging to the Church open every week within 
this Diocese, t and 120 officiating clergymen, 43 being paid 
£100 sterling per annum by the Society for the Propaga- 
tion of the Go>pel in Foreign Parts— 46 altogether from 
tbe proceeds of the clergy resei ves, and the casual and ter- 
r itorial revenue, under the arrangement made with Go- 
vernment in 1834 — two rr three by the Upper Canada 
Clergy Committee— s**veralaltogetber from local resources, 
and ten or twelve by the Diocesan Society of Toronto ; 
also two or three by the N*w England Company, who, in 
1830, under an arrangement with the Society for Propa- 
gating the Gospel, in a great measure, took charge of 
:he Mohawk Churches. There are also seven caieebists 
in the Diocese supported by the Society for the Propaga- 
tion of tbe Gospel. By the ordination of ten students of 

'Journal of Parliament of Canada, 1817. See also Appendix to this work. 
t Above 80 Churches have been built within tbe Diocese since 1833, and 
many repaired and enlarged. 



117 

the University of Toronto, and the College at Cobourg, in 
July, 1843, and the arrival of several missionaries from 
England, the number of the clergy has been increased to 
132. 

Diocesan Theological College at Cobourg.— This 
seminary was established in 1842, especially for qualify- 
ing candidates for holy orders, by affording a regular 
course of theological study. It possesses eight or ten 
divinity scholarships of £40 each, kept up by the Society 
for the Propagation of the Gospel, and an equal number 
supported by funds raised in the Province. Twenty stu- 
dents of this institution, since its commencement, have re- 
ceived holy orders, and there were in May, 1848,* seven- 
teen divinity students in regular attendance, nine of whom 
are receiving £40 per annum, from the Bishop's Student's 
fund of the Church Society of the Diocese. These 
students are employed on the Sabbath-day, and at leisure 
hours, in organizing and attending Sunday schools, visiting 
prisoners confined in jail, and in the performance of servi- 
ces in distant points, where the administration of a clergy- 
man cannot be afforded. | The scholarships of this insti- 
tution, supported by the Bishop's Student's fund, are in 
future to be thrown open for competition, and awarded 
according to the results of a general examination. J 

The Bishop of Toronto held an ordination at Hamil- 
ton, on 30zh July, 1748, when 7 students from Cobourg, and 
S from the University of Toronto, were admitted to 
Deacon's Orders. 

* Repori S. P. G. t Dr. McColls* Spceeh. JReport S.P.G, 1849 



118 



DIOCESE OF TORONTO. 



Population of the Diocese estimated at 731,644.f Nearly one 

third, or 225,000, are supposed to belong to the Church of 

England. 

o 

Bishop.— The Honourable and Right Rev. JOHN STRACHAN, 

D. D., L. L. D. 
Archdeacon of Kingston. — Ven. George Okill Stuart, 

L. L. D. 
Archdeacon of York. — Ven. A. N. Bethttxe, D. D. 
Examining Chaplain and Secretary to Bishop. — Rev. H. I. 

Grasett, M. A. 

I Returns at the Visitation of 1844. 







X 

0^ 


n 


e 

o 


S 

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PARISH OR 


1 


C 

c 


CO 

b© 




NAME OF MISSIONARY. 


MISSION. 


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Home District. 










Rev. H. J. Grasett. m. a. Rec- 


City of Toronto. 


3 


2 


2015 


437 


tor and Garrison Chapl'n, 












„ Henry Scadding, m. a. 


Ch.ofHolyTrin. 










,, W. H. Ripley, B . a. 


Trinity Church. 










,, Stephen Lett, l. l. ,'s Ch. 










,, I. G. D. McKenzie, 


St. Paul's ,, 










,, Rrchard Mitchell, a. b. 


St. James ,, 










,, Walter Stennett, b. a. 


Ast.Ch. of H.Tr. 










,, J. McCall, l,. l. d. > 
,, J. Beaven, d. n. ) 


King's College, 










Toronto. 










,, George Maynard, m. a. 


Up'r Canada Col. 










„ *Ths. Phillips, d. d. Rector. 


Etobicoke. 










,, H.C. Cooper, b. a. Asst. 












,, *Jas, Magrath, at a. Rector, 


Toronto Townsh. 










,, Alex. Sanson, Rector, 


York Mills. 


2 


2 


165 


54 


,, Robert J. McGeorge, 


Streetsville, 


1 


5 


700 


101 


„ *D. E. Blake, a. b. Rector, 


Thomhill. 


1 


a 


140 


22 


,, *V. P.MayerhofFer.M.A.Rec. 


Markham, &c. j 


4 


350 


100 


,, John Gibson, 


Georgiua. 1 


5 


240 


22 


„ Richard Garrett, Brook. 


6 


320 


30| 



tCanada Almanac, 1849. 

•Paid from the interest of the Clergy Reserves Pund. 



119 











c 


a 

o 




PARISH OR 


3D 

n 

3 


bo 

a 
o 




Q 

Cm 

O 
u, 
O) 


NAME OF MISSIONARY. 






3Q 


to 
a 


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MISSION. 


o 


O 


o 
U 












fcJO 








J3 


JO 


es 


s s 






E 

=3 




> 


3 2 






fe 


£1 «j 


o 


Rev. S. F. Ramsey, m. a. 


'Newmarket. 


1 


8 


300 


26 


», John Pentland, b.a . 


Whitby. 


1 


3 


110 


34 


„ W. S. Darling, 


Scarboro. 


2 


4 


240 


37 


„ Henry B. Osier, j 


Lloydtown. 


1 


4 


210 




„ G.S.J. Hill, 


Chinguacousy. i 2 


6 


400 




,., Henry Brent, trav. miss'y. < 


Simcoe District, f 








„ *S. B. Ardagh, m. a. Rector, 


Barrie, &c. 2' 


S 


160 


20 


„ F. L. Osier, m. a. 


Tecumseth, &c. 3; 


9 


630 


45 


„ John Mclntyre, 


Orillia. 


5 


245 




„ George Hallen, b. a. 


Penetangushene. 


1 


3 


100 


33 


„ John Fletcher, a. b. trav. mis 


Gore District. 










„ *J. G. Geddis, Rector, 


Hamilton. 


1 


1 


600 


120 


„ T. W. Marsh, b. a. Curate, 












,, *J. L. Alexander, 


Binbrook, &c. 


1 


4 


130 


13 


,, *VV. M ; Murray, a.m. Rector 


Ancaster, &c. 


2 


3 


350 


77 


,, J. C. Usher, Rector, 


Brantford. 


1 


3 


425 


40 


„ T. Green, a. b. Rector, 


Wellington. 


2 


4 


270 


98 


„ Michael Boomer, a. b. 


Gait. 


2 


4 


260 




„ Charles Rutten. 


Paris, 


1 


2 


140 


22 


„ Alexander Pyne, a. b. 


Oakville. 


a 


6 


670 


60 


,, George Graham, 


Nassagaweya, 


i 


2 


105 


14 


M S. L. Avtliurton,trav. miss. 












,, Abraham Nelles, 


Mohawk Indians, 


i 


4 


275 


65 


„ Richard J. Kennedy, 


Grand River, 


i 


3 


210 


80 


,, Adam Elliott, 


Tuskarora. 
Wellington District 










„ * Arthur Palmer, a. b. Rector 


Guelph. 


i 


3 


350 


70 


,, Daniel Fraser, trav. miss'y. 


Niagara District. 










,, *Thomas Creen, Rector, 


Niagara. 


2 


a 


660 


ISO 


,, F. Lundy, Assistant, 








., 




„ *G. R. F. Grout, Rector, 


Grimsby. 


1 


3 


.•250 


/>] 


„ W. Leeming, 


Chippewa, &c. 


2 


2 


,120 


r 30 


„ T. B. Fuller, 


Thorold. 


3 


:3 


.340 


; 78 


„ *John Anderson, Rector, 


Fort Erie. . . a 


2 


2 


.200 


37 



n* 



120 













a 






-G 
U 


en 

C 


G 
O 

bC 


c 




PARISH OR 




"5 


u 

bD 


01 

•-O 


NAME OF MISSIONARY. 




o 


5c 


C 


a co 




MISSION. 


o 


o 


6 


si 






t* 


u 


(D 


M-2 






JO 


03 
£3 


g 


o C 






3 


B 

s 


> 


« 2 






z; 


2 


< 




Rev. A. F. Atkinson, Rector, > 
,, A. Dickson, b. a. > 


St. Catherines. 


1 


1 


400 84 








1 


„ G. M. Armstrong, Rector, 


Lowth. 


2 


2 


210 67 


,. Adam Townley, 


Dunville, &c. 


2 


7 


257 


31 


„ B. C. Hill.M. a. 


Settlements Grnd 




12 


3J5 


SS 


,, C. L. Ingles, b. a. trav. mis. 


River. 
Talbot District. 










„ *Francis Evan?, Rector, 


Simcoe. 


1 


5 


150 


44 


,, George Salmon, 


Woodhouse. 










,, JohnL. Thomas, trav. miss. 


London District. 








1 


,, Benj. Cronyn, m. a. Rec- 












tor and Chap, to forces, 


London. 


1 


3 


710 


114 


„ *C. C. Brough, a.b. Rector, 


LondonTownshp 


2 


6 


577 




,, *Mark Barnharn,B a. Rector 


St.Thoma9. 


1 


4 


320 


44 


„ *Arthur Mortimer, Rector, 


Adelaide 


1 


11 


170 


65 


„ *R. Flood, a. m. Rector, 


Caradoc, and 










„ G. C. Barrett, Assistant, 


Moncey Indians 


1 


3 


270 


60 


„ T. Read, 


Port Burwell. 


1 


7 


400 


24 


,, James Stewart, trav. miss. 


Tryconnell 


1 


30 


1518 


107 


„ G. C Street, 


Port Stanley. 
Brook District. 










„ *W. Bettridge, b. d. Rector, 


Woodstock. 


3 


4 


600 


141 


„ John B. Worrell, trav. mis. 












,, H. Re veil. m. a. 


Oxford. 


2 


3 


210 




„ A. St. G. Caulfield.A. b. 


Burford. 




6 


100 




„ F. D. Fauquier, 


Zorra. 
Huion District. 










,, R. F. Campbell, m. A. 


Goderich. 


1 


6 


330 




,, John Hickey, 


Stratford. 












Western District. 








,, *W. Ritchie, Rector, 


Sandwich. 


1 


4 


155 


34 


,, *F. Mack, Rector, 


Amherstburg. 


1 


1 


100 


36 


,, F. G. Elliott, 


Colchester. 


1 


3 


130 




Vacant, 


Chatham. 


1 


5 


355 


2S 


., *,T. Mackridge, Rector, 


Warwick. 




2 




14 


„ *G. J. S, Salter, b. A. 


Plymton.&c. 


2 


5 


295 




,. Andrew J irnieson, 


Walpole Island. 




3 


21 





121 



NAME OF MISSIONARY. 



PARISH OR 
MISSION. 









fi 






C 


o 


09 




o 


U 










-c 








O 




bD 
















»h 




o 


35 


to 
c 

o 


Si' 
§1 


tr 


o 


O 






<y 


- o 


0) 


V 


6C 


w c 


£ 

3 


2 

3 


> 


Ss 


& 


a 


< 


rh 



Rev. John Gunne, 
„ F. W. Sandys, 

Ven. N. N. Bethune, d. u. (Bi- 
shop's Chaplain), Rector, 
Rev.Monathan Shortt, Rector, 
„ *L Armour, Rector, 
,, T S. Kennedy, Rector, 
„ J. T. Wilson, 
,', Elliott Grasett, b. a. As- 
sistant, and ClassTutor in 
theTheological Institut'n 

„ *R. J. C. Taylor, M.A.Rectr,i 

„ R. Harding, 

,, Robert Shanklin, 

,, J. Grier, m. a. 

,. William Bleasdell, a. m. 

„ Daniel Murphy, trav. miss. 

,, W. Macauley, Rector, 
„ George Bourne, Rector, 
„ R. G. Cox, Trav. Mission'y 

Ven. *G. 0. Stuart, l.l.d. Rec. 

Rev.W. M. Herchmer, m. a. 
Bishop's Chaplain, 
„ R. V. Rogers, 
„ T. H. M. Bartlett, m. a. 

Garrison Chaplain, 
„ William Greig, 
„ H. Brent, 
„ J. A. Allen, 
„ *Job Deacon, Rector, 
„ *W. F S. Harper, Rector, 
„ *Saltern Givens, Rector, 



Dawn, &c. 
Mersea, &c. 
Newcastle District. 

Cobourg. 
Port Hope. 
Cavan. 
Clarke, &c. 
Colborne, Sac. 



Grafton. 

Colborne District. 
Peterboro'. 
Emily. 
Fenelon Falls. 

Victoria District. 
Belleville. 
Port Trent. 

Prince Edwd. Diet. 

Pictou. 

Murray. 

Midland District. 
Kingston. 



St.James Chrch 



St. Paul?. 
St. Mark,Barrifld 
Wolf Island. 
Adolphustown. 
Bath. 
Napinees, 

and Mohawks. 



2 


15 


600 


153 


2 


2 


310 


67 


2 


7 


100 


122 


2 


7 


530 


102 


1 


5 


465 151 


3 


6 


275 


58 


1 


3 


62 


11 


2 


2 


340 


64 


1 


1 


400 




3 


3 


575 


I 
300 


1 


2 


130 




1 








rQ. 


4 


160 


21 


o 


10 


200 


75 


2 


2 


250 


42 


o 


2 


550 


55 



122 







X 

0) 


tn 


c 
o 

CO 


i i 




PARISH OR 


o 

3 





bo 
bD 


2 1 

- 


NAME OF MISSIONARY. 




o 


i» 


a 


S»i 




MISSION. 


O 


o 


o 


5 c ! 








s: 








J2 


-O 


CO 


* 3 






= 

3 


§ 


O 
> 








£ 


£ 


< 


O 1 


Rev. John Roth well, a. b. 


Amherst Isle. 


2 


3 


250 


301 


,, Paul Shirley, 


Camden, &c. 


3 


14 


595 


1 


,, T. W. Allen, trav. miss'py, 


Johnstown District. 








i 


,, *Ed. Denroche, a., m. 


Brockville. 


1 


1 


275 


68 j 


„ W. H. Gunning, a. b. Rectr 


Lambspond. 










,, *Robert Blakey, Rector, 


Prescott. 


2 


2 


290 


74 


,, H.McAlpine, Rector, 


Kemptville. 


3 


7 


400 


87 


,, N. Watkins, trav. miss'ry. 


Bathurst District. 










„ *Mich. Harris, a. m. Rectr, 


Perth. 


4 


6 


900 


265 


„ *J. A. Mullock, Rector, 


Carlton Place. 










„ H. Mulleins, 


Pakenham, &c. 


1 


10 


255 


140 


,, Ebin. Morris, 


Merrickville. 










„ *J. W. Padfield, Rector, 


Beckwith. { 


3 


3 


350 


108 




I 


1 


4 


405 


117 




Dalho'iPie District. 










,, S. S. Strong, Rector,. 


Bytown. 


1 


1 


405 


60 


,, J. Flood, Rector, 


Richmond. 


1 


10 


220 


79 


,, Matthew Ker, 


March. 
Eastern District. 


3 


4 


180 


28 


„ *H. Patton, Rector, 


Cornwall. 




2 


3S0 


97 


„ *E. J. Boswell, Rector, 


Williamsburg. 


3 


10 


700 


176 


,, *Romaine Rolph, 


Osnabruck. 


1 


1 


70 


30 


,, H. E. Plees,trav. miss'ry, 


Ottawa District. 










,, F. Tremayne, trav. miss'ry 












,. *F. A. Omara, l. l. d. 


Indian Mission, 
Manatoulon Is- 
lands. 










„ Gust. A. Anderson, 


Sault St. Mary's. 
Miss, of S. P. 










„ E. L. Lloyd, 


G. Stations not 










- 


fixed in 18-48. 


_ 


_ 







1-23 

NORTH-WEST AMERICA. 

Under this bead is included the whole northern portion 
of the Continent extending from the limits of Canada to 
the Pacific Ocean and the Polar Seas. The territory of the 
Hudson's Bay Company is supposed to comprehend all the 
country the waters of which flow into Hudson's Bay. 
This territory was originally granted by King Charles 2d to 
Prince Rupert and his associates, and a portion of it still 
bears his name. The remainder of the continent, north- 
west from Canada, extending to the shores of the Pacific, 
was formerly known as the territory of the North West 
Company, an association of merchants engaged in the fur 
trade. The forts and trading posts of these two rival 
companies, now united, are scattered along the banks of 
the great rivers flowing into Hudson's Bay and the North- 
ern Seas, on the Columbia river, and the shores of the 
Pacific Ocean, and contain a population of many thous- 
ands of European and native hunters and residents, a 
large portion of whom are Protestants and without the 
offices of religion. In 1315, * no Protestant place of wor- 
ship was to be found over the whole extent of the Hudson'* 
Bay territory, and it was not until 1820 that any perma- 
nent religious establishment was effected in this part of 
British America. About that time, the Rev. John West 
was appointed chaplain to the company at Red River set- 
tlement, situate under the 50th degree of north latitude, 
distant about 2000 miles from Quebec. This is one of the 
principal stations of the company. The settlement was 
originally planted by Lord Selkirk in 1811, and now 
stretches for upwards of fifty miles along the banks of the 
Red and Assiniboine rivers, which flow into lakeWinipeg. 
Mr. West here organized a school for the Indians, and a 

burch having been erected, he soon after succeeded in 

* Missionary Records N. A. 



124 

interesting the ChurchMiss. Society in their behalf. Amis- 
sion was established by that Society at Red River in 1822, 
and the Rev. David Jones appointed first missionary. Mr. 
West afterwards visited several of the Northern stations, 
and the Esquimaux Indians at Fort Churchill, the most 
northern post belonging to the company. 

In 182S there were two missionaries engaged at the 
Red River settlements, Messrs. Jones and Cochran, and a 
male and female superintendent of the schools, then four 
in number, besides a Sunday-school at each of the 
churches. The number in daily attendance at the day 
sell >ols, was ISO, and the number of communicants in the 
whole mission 134, seven or eight only being Indians. 

"I believe," says the Rev. Mr. Cockran, in his corres- 
pondence with the Society in 1828, " that our little visible 
Church approaches as near primitive simplicity as any 
other to be found in any part of the world. Most of them 
are Bible Christians : to the Word of God they go for 
information on every subject that concerns their souls." 

The population of Red River settlements, in 1843, was 
computed by M". Simpson at 5000, consisting of Euro- 
peans, French Canadians, Indians, and Half-blood. The 
Protestant population at the time was less than the half. 

The progress of this mission during the last nine years 
has been very rapid. It now consists of six stations, situ- 
ated at considerable distances from each other, viz. : — 
Grand River, Upper and Middle settlements, Indian set- 
tlements, Cumberland House, and Manitoba. There are 
4 clergymen of the Church of England, attached to this 
mission, 4 male teachers, 2 being native Indians, and 9 
schools, with an average attendance of 595 scholars, 97 of 
whom are youths and adults, all under the superintend- 
ance of the Church Missionary Society, and the number 
of communicants at the several stations is 530. * Several 

* Report Church Missionary Society, 1847. 



125 

Indian lads educated at the mission schools have been 
sent to instruct their conntryinen in various parts of the 
Company's territory, to the Columbia river, and New Cal- 
ifornia, westward of the Rocky Mountains, and their la- 
bors have been attended with considerable success* 

The Rev. Mr. Hunter, of Cumberland Station, in his 
correspondence with the Chnrch Missionary Society in 
1846, say?, " our Christian Indians, with few exceptions, 
adorn their profession by a holy and consistent life, 
regularly attend the public means of grace, where oppor- 
tunity offers; and cultivate a spirit of piety and devotion 
in their families, by daily engaging in praise and prayer at 
their homes. " 

At Rapid River, twenty Indian families have lately 
embraced the Gospel, and were anxiously wairing the 
arrival of the caiechist, who expected to reach the station 
in July, 1846. The spirit of inquiry does not appear to be 
confined to the Rapid River Indians. Mr. Hunter, 
missionary at Cumberland station, was informed on good 
authority that at Isle a-la-Crosse, and Fort Chippewayan, 
which latter place is 1000 miles beyond Cumberland House, 
the Indians were willing to receive any religious teacher 
who might be sent to them, and that the Roman priests 
were availing themselves of the opportunity. Mr. Hunter 
particularly urges on the attention of the Church Mission- 
ary Society, the necessity of establishing two new stations, 
one at Isle a la Crosse, and one at Chippewayan, with at 
least one missionary and two catechists. 

The prosperous state of these missionaries is confirmed 
by the Bishop of Montreal, who in 1843 paid a visit to 
Red River. 

The Hudson's Bay Company maintain several resident 
chaplains within their territory. Their principal chaplain 

* Simpson's North West Coast of America. 



126 

routes at Fort Vancouver, on the north side of Colombia 
River. 

There are also four mi-sionaries of the Wesleyan Me- 
thodist connexion within the Company's territory; and ar- 
rangments are in progress for sending two additional ones 
to the Colombia River. 

From the necessity now so apparent for the immediate 
extension of heathen missions in this part of the British 
possessions, it has been deemed expedient that a Bishop 
should be stationed at some convenient place within 
the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company, to organize 
the infant Church, and afford the necessary superintending 
care and direction to the missionaries in the discbarge 
ot their important duties. A new see, to be styled the Bish- 
opric of Prince Rupert's Land, has, in consequence, been 
resolved on in the Church. The Hudson's Bay Company, 
it is said, have proposed that the Bishop should officiate as 
minister or chaplain at one of their stations, in considera- 
tion of which, they have offered to make an annual allow- 
ance equal to about one-half the income required for bis 
support, and a Bishop will be consecrated to the see a9 
soon as the sum necessary for completing the endowment 
can be obtained. * 

Names and Stations of the Missionaries in 1847. 
Grand River, Rev. Robert James and 2 European school- 
masters. 
Upper Settlement, ,, ,, ,, 1 schoolmaster. 

Middle Settlement, ,, ,, ,, 1 schoolmaster, 

Indian do. Rev. John Snidburst, and 1 schoolmaster. 
Cumberland Station, Rev. John Hunter and 2 native mas- 
ters. 
Manitoba Lake, Rev. Abram Cowley, and 1 schoolmaster. 
Rev W. Cockrain, lately returned 
to England. 
Chaplains to Hudson's 
Bay Company, 



* The Church of Rome has a Bishop already established at Red Rive 
and several inisssionarie* who administer to the French population. Priest* 
have also been sent to the shores of the Pacific Ocean, to prepare the way 
for a Bishop, whose residence is to be at Pugit'a Sound. 



CHAPTER V. 

DIOCESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND, 

Newfoundland was erected info a separate Diocese,* 
including the Bermudas, in the year 1839, and the 
Venerable Archdeacon Aubrey G. Spencer consecrated to 
the new see, an arrangement by which the Bishop of 
Nova Scotia was relieved from a most arduous portion of 
his charge. 

Bishop Spencer came out as a missionary about the 
year 1819, and was appointed Archdeacon of Bermuda in 
1827. During his residence there, his attention was prin- 
cipally turned to the establishment and superintendence of 
elementary schools, particularly for the negro population, 
and on his removal to Newfoundland he immediately 
entered into arrangements for establishing a training- 
school at St. John's for the education of future mission- 
aries, and supplying the outports with lay readers and 
catecbists. 

On the establishment of the Bishopric, the island of 
Newfoundland contained but 10 resident missionaries, and 



* The income of the Bishop is derived from a grant of £500 sterling 
mads by the Society P. G., and -£300 sterling granted by Government for 
an Archdeacon of Newfoundland. There is n!so an allowance from Govern- 
ment for an Archdeacon of L-ermuda, and some local resources for the same 
purpose, which are supposed to make the income of the Bishop equal to 
JE1200 sterling. 

12 



123 m 

the number of the clergy at Bermuda did not exceed 5, 
They, however, through the exertions ofthe Bishop, aided 
by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, soon 
increased to double that number ; and at the visitation of 
1842, the Diocese was found to contain S6 clergymen of 
tbe Church, exclusive of catechists and lay reader?. 

The Diocese of Newfonnriland was divided into three 
rural deaneries, in the year 1840, by Bishop Spencer. — 
Those of Trinity and Avalon, and that of Bermuda. — 
They have since been increased to six, by the present 
Bishop, for the more convenient administration of tbe 
Diocese. 

The Bishop, in his charge to the clergy in 1841, says : 
cc The first result of rny visitations and endeavours to 
promote the great objects contemplated by my appoint- 
ment, during the last two years, are I trust obvious and 
satisfactory. The full information which I possess res- 
pecting the condition and wants of my diocese ; the sub- 
division of its more extensive missionary stations ; the en- 
couragement of old, and the organization of new schools, 
for tbe instruction of the young in that knowledge which 
alone * giveth life to them that have it ;' the consecration 
of twelve churches, and the commenced erection of twenty- 
two more for the worship of Almighty God ; the confirm- 
ation of 2258 persons, who have received at my hands tbe 
appointed benediction^ on their ratifying their baptismal 
covenants ; tbe number of tbe clergy more than doubled •> 
the improvement and sustainment of a Diocesan Society 
to aid us in the propagation of the Gospel ; and the insti- 
tution of a seminary in which a limited number of lay rea- 
ders and students in theology are to be prepared for mis- 
sionary labour 5 — these auspicious consequences of the es- 
tablishment of the Episcopate in Newfoundland, are calcu- 
lated to send me on my way rejoicing, and to inspire me 



129 



with an humble confidence, that I ' have not run in vain* 
neither laboured in vain.' "-— Charge, 1841. 

The winter of 1843 was spent by the Bishop in visiting 
the Bermudas, where the number of confirmations were 
800, nearly double that of 1840. He held two ordinations, 
confirmed ten times, preached 45 sermons, examined 
about 800 pupils in the Church schools, and met more 
than one thousand communicants at the Lord's table. 

The following is a compendium of the Ecclesiastical 
returns at this visitation :* 

Newfoundland. 
Number of Clergy, . . 27 
Teachers and readers, . 51 
Bpt'd. Church members 30,054 
Communicants, . 1,491 
Pupils in Sunday-schools3,253 
Ditto in day schools, 2,397 
Schools, ... 66 

In Bermuda there is a school-house in every parish, for 
the express purpose of the instruction of the colored popu- 
lation. Five rectors are paid by the local legislature, and 
provision is made for S chaplains to the hulks and dock- 
yard, and 4 clergymen receive small stipends from the 
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 
In 1843, Bishop Spencer was removed to Jamaica, and left 
St. Johns in Sept. of that year, the see remaining vacant 
until 28th April, 1844, when J>r. Edw. Field of Queen's 
College, Oxford, and Rector of English Bicknor, was con- 
secrated Bishop and proceeded immediately to take 
charge of the diocese. He arrived at St. Johns on the 
4th July following, and the same season made a visit to 
some of the distant settlements of the island. The diffi- 
culty of procuring fit persons to take charge of these distant 



Bermuda. 






9 




20 


, 


9,72a 


. 


1,122 


.. 


. 667 


, , 


833 


. 


. 19 



Report g. P. G. 



130 

mission?, appears to have been the chief difficulty the new 
Bishop had to contend with at the commencement of Ms 
Episcopate. The island or Newfoundland had always 
presented a scene where the iicnited number of the Clergy 
was sadly contrasted with the wide field of operation open 
to missionary exertions, but particularly about this time, 
when not fewer than seven missionaries bad resigned their 
cures, * from illness and other causes— the scattered state 
of the population, and the severity of the climate requiring 
more than an ordinary degree of bodily strength, and firm- 
ness of purpose in those engaged iu the tusk. Bishop 
Field, however, has been unsparing in his exertions to 
supply the vacant missions with resident pastors. His 
visitations have been frequent to almost every part of the 
diocese, and the number of the Clergy has considerably in- 
creased since his appointment to the see. 

The winter months were spent by the Bishop in the 
Deanery of Bermuda, where he preached in several 
Churches, visited and preached in each of the three convict 
bui^s, visited all the parochial school?, examined the chil- 
dren, confirmed eight times, baptized several adults, held 
a visitation of the clergy, and delivered a charge. In the 
following summer he commenced his visitation voyage to 
the west coast of Newfoundland, where he found the set- 
tlement of the Bay of Islands entirely destitute of the 
means of grace, Port au Basque, LaPerle Biy, Hermitage 
Bay, Harbor Breton, Bulnrem, Burin, Oderin, and Woody 
Island, all populous settlements, and the greater part 
of the inhabitants at present attached to the Church com- 
munion, aud desiring the administration of the clergy. 

On his return the Bishop addiessed a pastoral letter to 
his clergy, in which he forcibly reminds them that unti| 

♦Report S. r. G. 



131 

the Church is thrown much more upon the people tban it 
is at present, it cannot be in a sound, satisfactory or safe 
condition. 

In this letter is submitted to the clergy a plan for estab- 
lishing an annual subscription of 5s. or Id. per week from 
each and every church member, old and young. This plan 
devised by the Bishop in concert with tbe committee af the 
Church Society, would, if carried into effect, considerably 
relieve the Society for tbe Propagation of the Gospel, and 
afford means for the establishment of many new missions, 
and the erection of churches and parsonage-houses 
throughout the diocese. " All that is wanted, or what is 
chiefly wanted," says the Bishop, " is a proper and effec- 
tive machinery. For this the Charch looks to her clergy ; 
they must declare, they must carry it into operation." 

In consequence of the Bishop's visit to England since 
the great fire, considerable sums have been contributed to 
She support of the destitute Church of Newfoundland. 
Means have also been set on foot by the immediate friends 
of the Bishop, to procure funds in aid of the Collegiate 
institution at St. John's, for the education of theological 
students. The present building doe3 not afford tbe neces- 
sary accommodation, and it has been proposed to erect 
another one. The site has already been purchased, but 
the commencement of the building is at present prevented 
by the wnnt of sufficient funds. On 18th Sept. 1847, four 
students of this institution were admitted to the order of 
Deacon, and on the Tuesday following tbe Bishop held a 
general visitation, and delivered a charge to the assembled 
clergy. 

Early in July last, Bishop Field proceeded to visit the 
more northern portions of his Diocese, and the coast of 
Labrador. He was enabled to accomplish this arduous 
undertaking by means of that most valuable acquisition to 
tbe diocese, the Church ship. He was accompanied on 



132 

his voyage by four clergymen, two of whom were mission- 
aries on their way to distant stations. At Forteau Bay, 
L'Ancea Mart, A'Loup, Battle Harbor, and St. Francis, on 
the Labrador Coast, the Bishop preached and couples were 
married, and children and adults baptised. At the latter place 
the Lord's supper was administered, for the first time, it is 
presumed, by any clergyman of the English Church, on 
the Labrador. The congregation was here partly com- 
posed of Esquimaux Indians, several of whom, after the 
necessary exhortation and instruction, were baptised. The 
Bishop then proceeded to Venison Islands, in an open 
boat, and having again joined the ship, visited the Seal 
Islands, and Sandwich Bay, where the population is large 
and almost entirely composed of Esquimaux. He found 
here several who could read and write in their own lan- 
guage, having received instructions from the Moravian 
missionaries, of Nain, and other stations, about 300 miles 
north of the Straits of Belle Isle. Six adults, three being 
Indians, were admitted to baptism; the Bishop addressed 
them on the subject, and the holy communion wus admin- 
istered after morning service on Sunday. On ihe Monday 
and Tuesday following, marriages were celebrated, and 
children baptised, after the morning service. "On Monday, 
after the Church prayers, several Esquimaux read portions 
of the service they use at the Moravian stations. It was 
in the Esquimaux language, and appeared to he a litany 
used at their public worship, commencing with the Lord's 
prayer. One led, and was in most parts followed by 
others. There were frequent antiphons or short hymns, 
which they all sang in unison in a clear and pleasing 
tone." 

Having cruised upwards of 250 miles along the coast, it 
was deemed advisable not to proceed further. On their 
return they touched at St. Barbe, at the northern extremity 



133 

of Newfoundland, and having visited several harbors and 
missionary stations along tbe coast south-east from Cape 
Ray, the good Church ship arrived safe at St. John's on 
the 17th October, al! on board having been mercifully pre- 
served from hurt and sickness, after a perilous voyage of 
202S miles, occupying 10 weeks and 5 days. 

" On this coast," says the Bishop, " within the limits 
of the Government of Newfoundland, and therefore, I 
presume, of my spiritual charge, there are 10,000 souls 
who have no spiritual guide or overseer. Most of these 
remain four months at the Labrador, and there are now 
many resident families." These people professed them- 
selves well able to support a clergyman, and the Bishop 
was given to understand that they would willingly contri- 
bute to his support, and build a church, if he would only 
give them the promise of a clergyman.— " Surely, here 
the blessing of God is ready to come upon any who will 
devote himself to seeking out the scattered sheep, in these 
wild but not desert scenes, that they may be saved 
through Christ for ever." 

Newfoundland has a Church Society by which the local 
resources of the diocese are administered. They have also 
another called the Newfoundland School Society, lately uni- 
ted with the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. The 
Church ship before mentioned, was the gift of an English: 
clergyman, it possesses every accommodation for the 
performance of divine service on board, and has been of 
essential service to the Bishop and his rural Deans in 
visiting the out stations of the Diocese inaccessible by 
land. 

The number of churches in Newfoundland, in 1844, 
was 52 ; church schools, 80. 



134 

DXOCSSB OF NSWFOUNSLANS, 



Population oj the Island of Newfoundland in 1843, 98,475.* 

„ Bermuda, about 12,000. 

Members of the Church, in Newfoundland, 34,281. 
Methodist Church, 14,239. 

Church of Rome, 46,785. 

Members of the Church in Bermuda constitute about four 
fifths of the population. 

— o > 

Bishop.— The Right Rev. EDWARD FIELD, D. D. 

Bishop's Commissary and Vicar General.— Rev. T. F. H". 

Bridge, M. A. 
Registrar. — Rev. C. Blackman, M. A. 

Bishop's Chaplains. — Rev. T. F. H. Bridge and Rev. C. 
Blackman. 

DEANERY CF AVELON. 

C Rev. T. F. H. Bridge, m. a. Rec~ 



Town of St. Johns, 



St. Thomas's Chureh, 

South Side, 

Petty Harbour and Fortune Bay 

Portugal Cove, 

Pouch Cove, 

Ferry land, &c. 

Foxtrap, &c. 

DEANERY OF CO 

Harbour Grace, 

Carboneer, 

Heart's Content, &c. 

Bay de Verde, 

Bishop's and Island Cove, 

Spaniard's Bay, &c. 

Port de Grave, &c. 

Bay Roberts, 



for and Rural Dean. 
G. M. Johnson, Curate. 
C. Blackman, m. a. 
H. Tuck well. 
T. T. Jonns, m. a. 

F. W. Tremlett. 
Vacant. 
H. H. Hamilton, b. a. 

G. W. Carter. 



Brigus, &c. 



Trinity, 

Bonevista, 

Catalina, 

King's Cove, &c. 

Greenspond, &c. 

EnglishHarbour foSalmonCove, 



Twillingate, &c. 

Fogo, &c. 

Moreton's Harbour, &c 



Rev. J Chapman, Rural Dean. 
„ J. C. Harvey. 
„ Henry Lind. 
,, Oliver Rouse. 
, r John Kingswell, Senior. 
„ W Taylor. 
„ Johnston Vicars. 
,, M. Blackmore. 
„ W. J. Hoyles. 
DEANERY OF TRINITY BAY. 

Rev. T. M. Wood, Rural Dean. 
,, Bertram Jones. 
,, William Netten. 
,, Benjamin Smith. 
,, James Gilchrist, m. a. 
Vacant. 
NOTRE DAME BAY. 

Rev. Thomas Boone, Rural Dean, 
„ A. E. Sail. 
,, J. Kingswell, Junior. 



* Newfoundland Almanac, 1849. 



135 



DEANERY OF PLACENTIA BAY. 



Burin, &c. 

Harbour Beauffit, 
Piacentia, 



C Rev. J. C. A. Cathercole. 
( , , W. Rosier. 

„ William R. White. 
Vacant. 



DEANERY OF FORTUNE BAY. 



Harbour Britain, &c 

Bellorum, 

The Burgeos, 

LaPoile, 

St. George's Bay, 

Hermitage, 



St. Georges 

St. Davids, 
Smith and Hamilton, 
Pembroke, &c. 
Lecturer at Pembroke, 
Paget and Warwick, 
Southampton and Sandys 
Chaplain to Dockyard, 
Chaplain to tha Convicts, 



Rev. Jacob G.Mountain,M.A. Ru- 
G. Aldington. [ral Dean. 
J. Marshall. 
J. Cunningham. 
Thomas Appleby. 
William Meek. 
Vacant. 
DEANERY OF BERMUDA, 

Rev. S. T. Tucker, r>. d. Rural 
Dean and Commissary. 
,, J. G. Murray, d. t>. 
t ., J. S. Stowe, a. m. 

,, J. F. Ligbtburne, a. b. 
H. B. Taistrim, a. m. 
M. K. Frith, a. b. 
R. Hoare, a. b. 
J. M. Campbell. 
R.Mantack, m. a. 



THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION, AT ST. JOHNS, NEWFOUNDLAND. 
Principal —Rev. T. S. Jones, M. A. Lecturer in Divini- 
ty. — Rev. H. Tuckwell. Students and Lay Readers. — Mr. 
Bail-ey, Mr. Blackm an, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Brown. 



Returns made by the Clergy, 1846. 



MISSION. 



1 






ID 


1 j 


0) 


S.I 


^ 


1 1 


o I 


o — 














J3 


,0 

« 


5 c 


s 
a 

i 

s 


l"3 
o 

lr/5 


IP 


9Q 


r°v2 




>, 


< -O 






o 
o 




1 


- 


2 ■- 


c 


Iz 


5 




2; 


IT) 



MISSION. 



l-i ri 








c 




-= = - 


ce 




« \ o a 












|2 a 1 ** 

p § |Sfs 


5 
£ 




l!*Pl? = 


| 

c 


■ 
j 




o 




\< lo I-"* 5 


"7L 





St. John's, 
Trinity, 

Twilling* te, 
Ferryland, 
Port de Grave 
Heart's Conteut 
Catalina, 
St. John's, 



z 




yoo 


315 


i> 


2 


4 




213 


4 


1 


1 


800 


55 


4 


1 


2 




24 


2 


2 




800 


128 


4 


4 


2|l471 


114 


3 


2 


1 474 


21 


2 


1 




650 


100 


1 



6|St. 1 nomas, St 
John's, 
EnglishHarbor, 
King's Cove, 
Cape Shore, 
Spuniard'sBay, 
Belleoram, 



650 

250 

1000 

350 

4)0 
188 



100 I 

70 2 
1I4 1 3 

50 5 
I 4 

121 2 



CHAPTER VI. 
DIOCESE OF FREDERICTON. 

New Brunswick was separated from the see of Nova 
Scotia, and erected into an independent Diocese, under the 
title of the Bishopric of Fredericton, in the year 1845 
Dr. John Medley, a prebend of Exeter, was consecrated 
Bishop of the new see, * at the palace of Lambeth, on the 
4th May of the same year, and arrived at St. John in June 
following. He brought out with bim a large sum of money, 
towards the erection of a cathedral church in his diocese, 
which ha3 been considerably increased by local and other 
contributions. Bishop Medley has already visited almost 
every portion of his diocese, and held confirmations at 
Fredericton, St. John, St. Andrew's, St. George's, St. 
Stephens, St. David's, Campobello, Grand Manan, Gage- 
Town, Maugerville and Burton, Springfield, Norton, 
Kingston, Westfield, &c. and ordained 10 or 12 Mission- 
aries. During the year 1345 he consecrated Churches in 
the parishes of Norton, Portland, Stanley and Grand 
Manan ; and several new churches are now in progress in 
different parts of the diocese. From June to September, 
1346, be was also engaged in travelling through the new 
settlements, where he has made prepaiations for the intro- 
duction of Missionaries. During his two last visitations, 
he confirmed above 600 candidates. 

•The endowment of the tee consists of .flOCO sterling rer annum, equiva- 
lent to ,£1200 currency derived from the interest of monies lately collected 
and invested in Englund, called the Colonial Bishops' fund a portion of 
which are contributed in the Province. Co), bishop's fund Rep. for 1846. 



137 

The Diocese of Fredericton has lately been divided 
into seven Rural Deaneries* and the following Clergymen 
appointed Rural Deans, viz. Archdeacon Coster of Fre- 
dericton; Dr. W. Gray, St. John ; Dr. Alley, St. An- 
drews ; Mr. Scovel, Kingston; Mr. Street, Woodstock; 
Dr. Jarvis, Shediac, and Mr. Bacon, Mirarnichi. 

'I he number of tbe Clergy have been considerably in- 
creased since the arrival of the Bishop. Archdeacon Cos- 
ter in 1836 mentioned the number at 28, and the number 
of churches at 43 ; there are now upwards of 49 resident 
Clergymen of ihe Church of England within the diocese; 
43 of whom are Missionaries of the Society for Propagat- 
ing the Gospel ; the others being supported from local 
resources. No academical degree or formal method of 
study is required by the Bishop as a preparatory requisite 
for holy orders, provided he finds in the candidate the 
necessary qualifications for the work of the ministry in a 
new country. Two catechists of the Colonial Church So- 
ciety have lately been ordained to the ministry. " 1 could 
find" says the Bishop, "immediate and full employment 
for 20 additional clergymen without diminishing the la- 
bours of any one at present in holy orders." 

Five new missions have been established since the Bi- 
shop's appointment, 14 new churches consecrated, and 
several in progress of building. On 8th August, 1847, 
the Bishop held a visitation of his clergy at Fredericton, 
and delivered a charge — there were 43 clergymen present. 
The Bishop visited England in the summer of 1848, and 
returned in Sept.; three candidates for holy orders pre- 
ceded him to his diocese. The Society P. G. have placed 
an additional sum of £300 per annum at the Bishop's dis- 
posal for the period of five years, for the building of 
churches and other purposes. 

A Church Society for the administration of tbe funds 
raised in the province in aid of the Church, had been 



138 

established in New Brunswick, under the superintendence 
of the Archdeacon, several years before the division of 
the diocese, but owing to some objections to its rules the 
Society of St. John had latterly held itself aloof.* These 
rules have now been modified and union is said to be 
restored, since which its funds have been doubled. From 
the accounts of the Society for the year ending January, 
1847, it appears that the funds have enabled them to make 
the following expenditure, viz: 

In the Parish of Simonds £30 
Springfield, 60 
Prince William, 60 



Lancaster, 


50 


JVIonkton, 


50 


Queensbury, 


50 


Hopewell, 


60 


Stanley, 


40 


Rustigoucb, 


50 



£450 

For the purchase of Religious Books, 
for distribution and sale at low prices 
(a portion to be repaid). 500 

For building and enlarging Churches ) 20() 
and Chapels, ) 

For building parsonage House, 200 

To funds in aid of poor Clergy, their > lQQ 
widows, fyc. 5 

£1450 

In 1848, the Society expended £500 towards the sup- 
port often resident Missionaries, £150 to churches, £100 
to Parsonage Houses, and £100 to a fund for the widows 
and orphans of the Clery.t 

University of King's College, Fredericton. Thi s 
Institution was formerly connected with the church of 



*Rej>ou, S. P. G. 
t Report. 1848. 



139 

England, that connection has been in a great measure 
severed. Under the charter dated 15th Dec. in the eighth 
year of the Reign of King Geo. IV. the Bishop of the 
Diocese was its visitor, the Archdeacon of New Bruns- 
wick, ex officio its President, and the Lieut. Governor of 
the Province, its Chancellor. The government of the Col- 
lege was vested in a council of nine, composed of the 
Chancellor, the President the visitor and seven professors 
being members of the Church of England, and in case there 
phould not be seven professors in the University, the 
Chancellor was empowered to fill up the Council from 
among the graduates of the College, being members of the 
Church of England.* 

The college is endowed with 6000 acres of excellent, 
land in the neighbourhood of Fredericton, £1000 sterling 
per annum from the Crown and £1000 from the Colonial 
legislature. f The Society for Propagating the Gospel have 
for many years sustained 5 or 6 divinity scholarships 
there, and a theological class exists for the students who 
are designed for the ministry. 

In consequence of the institution having been endowed by 
government, the local legislature have deemed it expe- 
dient to place it more immediately under their control, 
and accordingly, with the concurrence of the British Go- 
vernment have partially repealed the charter by a 
provincial statute passed on Si7th March, 1845. This sta- 
tute vests the government of the college in a council of 15, 
composed of certain public officers, ex officio, viz : — the 
Administrator of the government, who is appointed visi- 
tor, the Chief Justine as Chancellor, the Attorney General, 
the Master of the Rolls, the Secretary of the Province, the 
President of the college, the Speaker of the Assembly, and 
nine other persons to be appointed by the visitor, all of 

* Laws of New firnnswick. 

1 Dr. Gesner's-Work on New Brunswick. 

13 



140 

whom are exempted from any religious tests. The ap^ 
pointment of the President and Professors, is vested in 
her Majesty or the Lt. Governor, on her behalf. The Pro- 
fessors are not to be subject to any religious test, except 
the Professor of Theology, who is to be a member of the 
Church of England, and divine service is to be performed 
in the college, agreeable to the forms of the United Church 
of England and Ireland, Persons taking Divinity Degrees 
are to take the oaths prescribed by the Charter, (gradu- 
ates being members of the Church of England, excepted by 
the amending stat. 1&46) and are made subject to the 
following test. " I do hereby solemnly profess, testify 
and declare, that I believe in the authenticity and di- 
vine inspiration of the Old and New Testament, 
and in the doctrine of the Holy Trinity." The Registrar 
of the college is by the act of 1845, to lay before the Pro- 
vincial legislature within 14 days after its meeting every 
year a detailed statement of the income of the college, and 
the names and numbers of the professsors and students.* 

Dr. Jacob still continues Professor of Theology, and the 
society for Propagating the Gospel, continue their scholar- 
ships for the purpose of educating candidates, for the 
ministry. The rules of the college impose no restrictions 
with respect to age, religion, birth place or education. 
The Bishop has lately ordained several candidates for holy 
orders from among its graduates. 

No part of British America, perhaps, offers a more im- 
portant and interesting field for missionary labours, than 
the province of New Brunswick; like Canada, its interior 
is rapidly filling up by British emigration, townships or 
parishes are continually being formed and new settlements, 
planted on the banks of the rivers, and in the recesses of 
the forest, where the log hut of the poor emigrant is sure 

* Laws of New Brunswick.. 



141 

to offer a hearty welcome to the messenger of peace; but 
like the western portion of the skater province of Nova 
Ssotia, it also contains a large and intelligent native popu- 
lation composed of several protestant denominations, de- 
riving their origin principally from the provinces of New 
England, and from their proximity to aud intercourse with 
that country, still possessing much of the Anglo American 
manners and customs. A very sensible letter written by 
Dr. Jacob of Fredericton College on the advancement of 
the church in this colony, appears in the report of the So- 
ciety P. G. for the year 1831. " Since my settlement in 
this part of the worll," says the Doctor, " I have 
made the disposition and character of the people my 
study, and I think I perceive the proper method to be 
pursued, in order to gather them, dispersed and wandering 
as they now are, within the church fold. They seem to 
have imbibed so much of the American principle on reli- 
gious liberty, that to bring forward the topics of ecclesias- 
tical authority and government, can hardly produce any 
•effect than to create an insurmountable prejudice agaiflst 
our ministry. But if we waive such points as these and 
proceed in the actual work of the ministry, shewing an 
earnest desire for their spiritual good, and if possible 
greater diligence and affection than other teachers, they 
become without any formal reasoning on the subject at- 
tached to us as their best friends." Again, in his letter 
to the Society dated, March, 1934, then engaged as travel- 
ling missionary in New Brunswick, he says: — 

^'Having found the people divided into several sects, al- 
though no regular ministers of any denomination were set- 
tled among them, I have judged it my most advisable course 
not to call forth their antipathies by dwelling on those 
points in which Calvinists and Armenians, Baptists and 
Methodists, differ from each other, or from the tenets of 
our Established Church ; but, by exhibiting M the ful- 



142 

nass of the Gospel," in a practical manner, to meet the spi- 
ritual necessities of all, and, if possible, produce a general 
impression that, whatever might he the case of other min- 
isters, that of the Church of England is certainly capable 
of supplying all which the soul of man requires " for doc- 
trine, reproof, correction, and instruction in righteousness." 
With this view, while cautiously avoiding the unfathoma- 
ble depths in which some have vainly sought the origin of 
evil, I have aimed so to apply the holy and unchangeable 
law of God to the conscience of my hearers, as to make 
every one seusiblsof bis own actual need of a Saviour from 
sin. Shunning scholastic contentions concerning justifica- 
tion, 1 have freely proclaimed the great and glorious truth, 
that " being justified by faith, we have peace with God 
through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have receiv- 
ed the atonement." In the same manner,without entering 
into metaphysical discussion concerning regeneration and 
grace, I have universally held forth the promise of the Ho- 
ly Spirit as the christian Comforter, the peculiar privilege 
of the new covenant, the guide and patron of the faithful un- 
der the dispensation of the Gospel. And finally passing by the 
debateable ground of the intrinsic merit of human actions,, 
I have laboured, above all things, to lead on my flock to 
the great practical end and purpose of all religion, incul- 
cating the evangelical lesson, that a " sober, righteous, 
nnd godly life" is the natural effect and indispensable cri- 
terion of a saving faith; and that they only who thus 
" follow the Lamb," will eventually find themselves " re- 
deemed by his blood." Such, with occasional observations 
on the union which ought to subsist among the members of 
Christ's Church, and exhortations to cultivate that spirit of 
mutual forbearance, peace and charity, which, in God's 
good time, might restore its primitive glory and happiness, 
ha3 been the snbstance of my preaching ; and, with hum- 



143 

ble gratitude, I am enabled to state that the intended effect 
has been in some measure perceptible. I am informed 
that persons of different religions professions have been 
heard to express the precise conviction which I was anxi- 
ous to create, I have seen men , widely opposed on the cus- 
tomary subjects of controversy, meet within our Natioual 
sanctuary as ifthey had been of one communion. And I 
entertain a confident hope that, if the ministry of our Church 
could be thus maintained in the disrtict, the faithful and 
zealons pastors who will, we may trust, in process of time, 
be settled in its different parts, would find the general mind 
prepared to receive them, and might, without much diffi- 
culty, unite those in the bonds oj the visible church, whom 
one and the self-same spirit had already united in " one 
heart and one soul." 



IV 



144 



DiaOS3I3 OP PREDERICTON. 



Population according to Census o/1840, 156,000. 

,, according to Estimate 184S, 200,000. The mem- 

hers of the Church are supposed to be more 'numerous than 
any other denomination in New Brunswick. 

o 

Lord Bishop.— The Right Rev. JOHN MEDLEY, D. D. 
Archdeacon. — Ven. Gsorge Coster, A, M. 
Bishop's Chaplains.— Rev. J. W. D. Gray, D. D. and Rev. S. 
Bacon, A. B. 







Returns of 18-16. 










1 Uj 

PL,".S 


m 








V 




v- a 


C 


M 










o ao 










o 






o 


O « 










• c 




75 a 






'-• 




a <~ 


"a 


ii <D 


NAMES OF THE CLERGY 


PARISH OR 






bJC-- 

■£ 3 


2 




IN 184&. 


MISSION. 


o 




P 


s 

o 


•3 2 






s 




0£ 


o 

o 


11 






- 




o .en 


o" 


s* 


Rev. J. W. D. Gray, v.v. Rec- 














tor, Rural E 


St. John. 


2 




1500 


360 


70 


,, Alex. Stewart, Curate, 














,, Richard Wiggins 














,, B. G.Gray, d. d. Mis 














sionary, 














,, Wm. Harrison, Rector, 


Portland. 


■> 


o 


900 


120 


78 


„ FrederickCoster,Rcctor, 


Carlton. 


1 




500 


70 


41 




Visiting part. 


2 


4 


300 


30 


20 


,, Christ. Milner, Rector, 


Westfield, 


2 


1 


400 


97 


53 


„ Wm. E. Scovil,A.M.Rec- 














tor and Rural Dean, 


Kingston. 


3 


1 


400 


236 


63 


,. Abraham Wood, Rector, 


WateF>orough 


1 


o 


250 


25 


30 


,, N* A. Coster, Rector, 


Gagetown. 


1 


-J 


750 


73 


6 


,, J. M. Sterling, a.m. Rec 


Maugerville. 


2 


1 


270 


50 


,, Gen. Coster, a. m. Rector 














and Rural Dean, 


Fredericton. 


1 




1000 


200 


106 


,, Wm. Q.. Ketchum, a. b. 














Curate, 














„ Chas. P. Bliss, Assistant 


St. Ann's Cha- 
peh Frdkton. 












„ W. H. DeVeber, 












1 



145 











1 6. 

a, _o 


CO 


S3 
O 

o 


NAME OF THE CLERGY 


PARISH OR 






.2 ^ 
3 S 
b ^m 

9 m 


7\ 

O 

'3 
e 
S 




IN 1843. 


MISSION. 


o 


1 


S's 


g 


o£ 




i 


-- 


» 


o^ 


o 


5 t3 








o 




o 


o <1> 

s s 






2 


~ 


r- 1 


d 

55 


^ 


Rev. Edwin Jacob, d. d. vice 














prest. and principal of 














King's College, 


Fredericks, 














Chatham and 
Newcastle, 


2 




350 


160 


40 




,, James Cookson, 


officiating at 
Bellisle. 










■ 


Vacant. 


Douglas. 


2 


3 


400 


63 




,, j*. Stuart, Missionary, 


Stanley. 












„ Jos2phElwell,Mission'y 


Prnce William 


2 


2 


150 


35 


7 


„ S. D. L. Street, a.b. Rec- 














tor and Rural Dean, 


Woodstock. 


4 


1 


400 


100 


48 


„ S. J. Hanford, a. b. Curate 














„ JohnMcGivern,A B.Mis. 


Andover and 

Madawaska. 












,, Thos. Robertson, Rector, 


Lancaster, 






* 






,, Saml.Thomsou.A.M. Rec 


St. George. 


2 




400 


73 


25 


,, Jerome Alley, d.„d. Rec- 














tor, Rural Dean, 


St. Andrews. 


2 


4 


550 


116 


21 


„ James Neales, Rector, 


Grand Manan. 


1 


3 


250 


12 


24 


„ Skiffington Thomson, l. 














l. d. Rector, 


St. Stephen. 












,, John S. Thompson, Mis. 


St. Patricks. 












„ James W. Desbrow, Mis. 


Simonds. 












„ Thomas Maghee, 


Sussex Vale. 


3 


4 


470 


80 


50 


„ W. Scovill, a, m. Rect'r 


Norton. 


3 


3 


450 


250 


94 


,, W. Walker, a. b. Rect'r 


Hampton, 


3 


1 


825 


150 


79 


,, Geo. Jarvis,r>. d. Rector i 














and Rural Dean, 


Shediac- 


6 




264 


92 


65 


,, Alfred Weeks, Curate, 


Cocaigne. 


1 








„ R. Simonds, a. b. Rect. 


Westmoreland 












,, Samuel Bacon, a. E.Rec-i 














tor and Rural Dean, 


Miramichi. 


3 


4 


268 


29 


33 


,, Noah Desbrow, Rector, 1 


Bathurst. 












,, W-N. Jaffrey, Missiony. 


Sf. Mary's. 












„ R. D. Palmer, Mission'y 


Springfieldand 
Johnston. 












„ W. Boyer, 


Monkton. 










i 



146 











2h o 




c 
o 






cr! 




■£3 


+j 


^) 


NAME OF THE CLERGY 


PARISH OR 


o 




S3 J2 
O t» 


c 

O 

'3 

s 


S3 • 

£ 2 


IN 184S. 


MISSION. 


"o 






s 

o 


en 






a> 


si 


Si 


o 


S T3 






J2 


O 


-- « 


o 


.O O 






S 




2-C 




a s 






£ 


K) 


o.2 


o 
55 


l« 


Rev. John Black, a m. Rector 




Kingsclear. 







170 


391 50 


,, J. N. Dewolf, Rector, 


Sackville. 


3 




350 


54 1 52 


„ W. H. Tippett, Rector, 


Queensbury. 












,, David Wetmore, 


Wilford. 












,, James Hudson, Visiting 














Missionary, 


Miramichi. 












" George J. Carey, 















APPENDIX. 



Missionaries and Catechists of Socty. P. G , within the 
British Provinces from 1703 to 1847- 





Newfundld 


iNvjiScoiia 


N.Br 


unswh 

03 


|l c 


lrada 


|U. Cc 


nnda. 
en 


Bermuda. 




«j 


GO 


2 


m 


Ci 


cd 


w 


ei 


ci 


p 


< 


c 
.2 ««" 


O 

2 ci 


o 

'1 £ 


03 

o 


o 


03 

O 

2 6 


o • 

03 QJ 


03 

2 d 


a 
o . 

"1 £ 


CO 

73 


o . 


J"_ 


§ 




§' s 


«# 

O 


g-s 


o^ 


^ 


^^ 


i* s 


5^ 


i* 


"eS 


1703 


1 




















1733 


2 
























1737 


2 






2 


















1749 


2 




3 
















i 


1752 


2 




4 
















1 


1757 


2 




4 


1 


















1762 


2 




4 


2 


















1766 


2 




6 


4 


















1779 


3 




7 


5 


















1781 


2 




7 


5 
















1784 


2 


1 


9 


4 


7 


1 






2 


1 




1786 


3 


1 


9 


4 


7 


1 






2 


1 






1793 


4 


2 


17 


12 


10 


5 


1 




3 


1 






1800 


4 


6 


17 


15 


8 


8 


5 




3 


1 






1805 4 


5 


14 


16 


9 ' 


10 


1 




7 


2 




1810 


3 


3 


15 


IS 


9 


10 


3 




6 


2 




1818 


5 


11 


20 


23 


9 


11 


5 




10 


2 


1 


1821 


4 


12 


30 


41 


16 


19 


20 


1 


19 


2 






1826 


7 


24 


30 


48 


18 


32 


20 




26 


3 


i 


2 


1827 


7 


25 


24 


44 


17 


33 | 


21 


1 


30 


5 


i 


2 


1131 


13 


25 


33 


43 


26 


27 


28 


1 


39 


6 


1 i 2 


1843 


27 


* 


48 




29 


1 


51 




88 




4 




1846 


24 




43 




35 




53 




GO 




3 




1847 1 24 |" 


46 




36 








91 




6 





* The number of Catechists not given in the late reports of the 3a< 
ciety. 



148 



Table of Colonial Dioceses and Bishops. 





Date 




Date of 1 


DIOCESE. 


of Erec- 


NAME OF BISHOP. 


Consecra- 




tion. 




tion. 


NORTH AMERICA. 








Nova Scotia. 


1787 


John Ingles. D. D. 


1825 


Quebec. 


1793 


George J. Mountain, D. D. 
Bishop of Montreal ad- 








ministering the Diocese. 


1836 


Toronto. 


1839 


John Strachan, D, D. 


1839 


Newfoundland. 


1839 


Edward Field, D. D. 


1844 


Fredericton. 


1845 


John Medley, D. D. 


1845 


WEST INDIES. 








Jamaica 


1824 


Aubrey Geo. Spencer, D.D. 


1843 


Barbados. 


1824 


Thomas Parry, D. D. 


1842 


Antigua. 


1842 


Daniel G. Davis, D. D. 


1842 


Guiana. 


1842 


William P. Austin, D. D. 


1642 


INDIA. 








Calcutta. 


1814 


Daniel Wilson, D. D., Me- 








tropolitan of India. 


1832 | 


Madras. 


1535 


Geo. Trevor Spencer, D. D. 


1837 


Bombay. 


1837 


Thomas Carr, D. D. 


1837 


Colombo. 


1845 


James Chapman, D. D. 


1845 1 


SOUTH SEAS. 








Sydney. 


1836 


W. Grant Broughton, D. D. 
Metropolitan of Austra- 


1 






lia. 


1636 1 


Melbourne. 


1847 


Charles Perry, D. D. 


1847 j 


Adelaide. 


1847 


Augustus Short, D. D. 


1847 j 


Newcastle. 


1847 


William Tyrrell, D. D. 


1847 | 


New Zealand. 


1842 


George A. Selwin, D. D. 


1841 } 


Tasmania. 


1842 
1847 


FrancisRussell Nixon,D.D. 
Robert Gray, D. D. 


1842 
1847 


Cape Town. 


Gibraltar. 


1842 


George Tomlinson, D. D. 


1842 


St. James, at Je- ) 
rusalem. £ 




Samuel Gobat, D. D. 




ChurchofEngland > 
in France. ) 




M. H. F.Luscombe, L.L.D. 






Wm. Hart Coleridge, D- D 








late Bishop of Barbadoes. 








Warden of Missionary 








College, Canterbury,Eng- 








land. 





149 



IHshops of the Church in the United States. l84Pi 



DIOCESE. 



Illinois. 

Maine. 

New Hampshire. 

Massachusetts. 

Rhode Island. 

Vermont. 

Connecticut, 

New York. 
Western New York, 

New Jersey. 

Pensylvania s 

Delaware; 

Maryland. 

Virginia. 



North Carolina. 

South Carolina, 

Georgia. 

Ohio. 

Mississippi, 

Kentucky. 

Tennessee. 

Alabama. 

Michigan. 

Louisiana. 

Indiana 

Missouri. 

Wisconsin, loa and) 
NorthWest Mis- V 
sion. \ 

Arkansas and Texas 

Florida. 




NAME OF BISHOP. 



183^ 



1S44 

1797 
1843 
1832 
1784 

17S7 
1839 

1815 

1787 
1841 
1792 

1790 



Philander Chase, D. D. Pri 
mus. 

( George Burgess, D. D. 

| Carlton Chase, D. D. 

'Manfon Easthurri, D. D 

John P. K. Henshaw, D. D. 

John Henry Hopkins, D.D. 

Thomas Church Brownall 
D. D. L. L. D. 

Bishopric vacant. 

Wm. Heathcote Delancey, 
D. D L. L. D. 

Geo. Washingion Doane, 
D. D. L. L. D. 

Alonzo Potter, D D, 

Alfred Lee, D. D. 

Wm. Rollinson Whifting- 
ham, D. D. 

William Meade, D. D. 

John Johns, D. D. Coad- 
jutor. 

Levi Silliman Ives, D. D. I 

Christ. E. Gadsden, D. D. | 

Stephen Elliott, jr. D. D 

Charles P. McIlvaine,D. D 



Amoy,in China. 
Turkish Dominions. 



Benj Bosworth Smith, D.D 
James Hervey Otey, D. D. 
[Nicholas H. Cobbs, D. D. 
Samuel A, McCoskey, D.D 
Leonidas Polk, D. D. 
Jackson, Kemper, D. D. 
CiceroStephenHawks,D.D 

Jackson Kemper, D D. Bi- 
shop Elect. 

1 George W. Freeman, D.D. 
Missionary Bishop. 
Stephen Elliott, jr. D. D, 
Provisional. 

FOREIGN STATIONS. 

IWm. J. Boone* D. D.: Mis- 

siouary Bishop, 
i Horatio Soutbgate, D. D. 



Date of 
Consecra- 
tion. 



1819 

2S47 
1844 
1842 
1843 
1832 
1849 



1S39 
1832 

3845 
1841 
1840 

18,29 

1842 
1831 
1840 
1841 
1832 

1832 
1834 

1844 
1836 
1838 
1835 
1844 



1844 



1844 
1844 



150 

MISSIONARY STATIONS IN THE EAST. 

, 2 Missionaries, 3 Catechists and Teachers- 
Western Africa, 4 Missionaries, 14 Catechists and Teachers. 

Total number of Bishops and Clergy in the American Chun 
in the year 1848—1463. 



Accounts of the Proceeds of the Clergy Reserves of 
Canada West tor the Year 1846. 

When the Act 3 & 4 Vic. C. 78, went into op- 
eration in iS40, the re was invested inEng- 
land, at 3 per cent, £113,310 7 

Amount added during the years 1841, 1842, 
1843,4,5arid6, £66,942 17 3 

of which £30,909* 2 Stg was invested in Eng- 
land, 30,909 2 



£144,719 7 2 
<©f this sum £23,060 2 2] is in 3 per cents, 
and 110,500 in 5 per cents, 

Canada Debentures, a loss of £7159 5 oc- 
curs in changing the 3 per cents into Canada 
Debentures at 5 per cent, consequently the 
sum invested stands thus, 137,200 2 2 

Interest on £23,060 2 3 Consols, G91 16 Stg. 
on £U4,'*;00 Debentures, 

5 p. c, 5725 

£0116 J 6 Stg. 

This is the annual Income from Investments in 

England. (In Currency,) £7807 2 1 

The Annual Revenue from Investments in Can- 
ada, £31,114 11 lfc at 5 p. c, 1555 14 6 



9362 16 7 



Amount of Revenue from Interest:? on Instalments 
on Sales on Credit and Rents of Leased Lots 
in 1846, 18,296 17 



(Currency,) £27,659 17 
balance consumed in expenses. 



J51 

Statement of the Proceeds of the Clergy Reserves of 

Canada East in the year 1S47, lrom the 

Appendix to the Assembly Journals, 

Amount vested in England at the time of passing 

the Act of Parliament 3 & 4 Vic. C. 78. £47,259 14 11 

Since added by Sales or from other sources in 
1842 by the Commissioners of Crown 
Lands, " £561 9 1 Cy. 

Ditto in 1844 bv Commissioners 

of Crown Lands. 1940 19 11 



2502 9 
Out of this sum there has been remitted to Eng- 
land, 461 9 4 



Total invested in England, £47,721 4 3 
Interest at 3 per cent, £1437 12 7 

Equal to, (Curry.) £1749 2 S 
In 1846 £1900 was invested in the Province in 

Debentures, yielding, 95 o 



Total Revenue of Reserves, (Curry.) £1844 2 3 
January 27, 1847. 



Funds of King's College, Windsor. 

Visitor's Fund, (Currency,) £1415 16 2 

General Fund, 1000 

Building Fund, (Sterling,) 5157 6 11 3 p. e. 

Library Fund, 1673 10 7£3ip.c. 

£9246 13 8J 

INCOME PER CENT. 

Provincial Grant, (Sterling,) 400 

Interest on Dr. Warnford's 

Donation of £1000 Stg. at 4 p. c, 40 

ANNUAL 

Allowance from the Society for the Propa- } 

gation of the Gospel for Divinity Scho- > 300 
larships, } 

Chaplain, in 1848, 25 8 

For general purposes, (to b« withdrawn,) 250 



ERRATA. 

Page 14. For 2 years, read 3 years. 
18. For 1739, read 1769. 
21. For 1762. He went,— read 1762, he went. 
28. For mx years of their ex istence, read six years of its existence. 
37. For 5 years, read 3 years. 

42. In note to this page, for 1797, read I7S7; also for 1826, rend 
49. Fer Rev. Mr. Melledge, read Milliilge. [1836. 

51. Read Rev. J. C. Clinch. 
69. Note to this page, read at parish church. 

81. For Coburgh, read Cobourg. 

82. For to County of Megantic, read to the County of Megantie. 
For down north side of St Lawrence, read down the north 

side of the St. Lawrence. 
91. For intentions, read intention. 
104. In the Table leave out the word " Vacant" in the firs| column 

and read the name L. Dolittle opposite the name Lennox- 

ville in the second column. 
122. For Stations read Station. 
126. For Rev. J. Snidhurst, read Sandhurst. 
136. In the note, for are contributed, read was;— for Colonial 

Bishop's fund, read Colonial Bishop's Committee. 



